Silicon nanowire arrays for the preconcentration and separation of trace explosives vapors

Giordano, Braden C.; Ratchford, Daniel; Johnson, Kevin; Pehrsson, Pehr E.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.045

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The desorption was studied at temperature increase rates of 15, 22, and 44 °C s −1 to reach the maximum temperature of 250 °C. The study involved FID and electron capture detector to detect the VOCs and obtained Silicon nanowire [51] 2,6-DNT and 2,4-DNT Air MS 10 ppt…”

Section: Carbonaceous Preconcentratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Preconcentrator Materials, Flow Regimes and Detection Technologies for Gas Adsorption and Sensing

Chowdhury

Lee

Day

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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of gases on solid surfaces. [9] This understanding aided the pioneering development of the first preconcentrator in 1969 by Dave et al. [10] This first preconcentrator utilized a polymer as the material for adsorption and desorption. Later, the first carbonaceous preconcentrator was developed in 1975 by Russell et al. [11] Until 1979, most preconcentration research relied on large instrumentation for analyte detection. However, in 1979, the development of the first micro gas chromatography (μGC) demonstrated that miniature detection methods are also possible. [12] The term "preconcentrator" was not used until 1989 by Thomas et al. [13] Later, the usability of oxide materials for preconcentration was explored; Casalnuovo et al. reported a SiO 2 based preconcentrator in 2001. [14] Ueno et al. introduced a metal-organic framework (MOF) based preconcentrator in 2007. [15] These major advances in preconcentrator development are shown in a timeline in Figure 1. The number of publications containing the term "gas preconcentrator," "gas pre concentrator," "gas pre-concentrator," "VOC preconcentrator" over time since 1989 is shown in Figure 2.In this review, recent developments of gas preconcentrators, preconcentrator materials, and preconcentration techniques are summarized. Different materials, their recent uses, limitations, and future potential are reviewed and discussed.

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Section: Carbonaceous Preconcentratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silicon dioxide [15] 20 Benzene; toluene ethylbenzene; xylenes 25 Silicon nanowire [51] N/A 2,6-Dinitrotoluene; 2,4-dinitrotoluene 7500…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Preconcentrator Materials, Flow Regimes and Detection Technologies for Gas Adsorption and Sensing

Chowdhury

Lee

Day

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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“…They achieved detection limits of the order of 0.1 ppb using mass spectrometry (MS), although the preconcentration factor was not reported. 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only group that appears to have used plain silicon for a similar purpose is that of Giordano et al that fabricated a silicon nanowire array to be used as a preconcentrator for DNT and trinitrotoluene. They achieved detection limits of the order of 0.1 ppb using mass spectrometry (MS), although the preconcentration factor was not reported …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They achieved detection limits of the order of 0.1 ppb using mass spectrometry (MS), although the preconcentration factor was not reported. 16 Different preconcentration systems that do not include porous silicon or silica have also been investigated for the detection of DMNB and other explosives. The Almirall group investigated the addition of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to an IMS system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoporous Silica Preconcentrator for Vapor-Phase DMNB, a Detection Taggant for Explosives

2020

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The detection of trace amounts of explosives in the vapor phase is of great importance. Preconcentration of the analyte is a useful technique to lower the detection limit of existing sensors. A nanoporous silica (pSiO 2 ) substrate was evaluated as a preconcentrator for gas-phase 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB), a volatile detection taggant added by law to plastic explosives. After collection in pSiO 2 , the DMNB vapor was thermally desorbed at 70 °C into a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry sorbent tube. This was analyzed for the total mass of DMNB collected in pSiO 2 . The loading time and loading temperature of pSiO 2 were varied systematically between 15 and 60 min and 5–20 °C, respectively. The preconcentrator’s performance was compared to that of a nonporous substrate of the same material as a control. The collection efficiency of pSiO 2 was calculated as approximately 20% of the total DMNB that passed over it in 30 min, at a concentration of 0.5 ppm in N 2 carrier gas. It had enhancement factors compared to the nonporous substrate of 12 and 16 for 0.5 and 4.1 ppm DMNB, respectively, under the same conditions. No advantage was found with cooling pSiO 2 below room temperature during the loading phase, which removes any need for a cooling system to aid preconcentration. The low desorption temperature of 70 °C is an advantage over other preconcentration systems, although a higher temperature could decrease the desorption time.

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Non-target analysis of vapor mixtures using silicon nanowire array sampling and thermal desorption

Johnson

Giordano

2020

Journal of Chromatography A

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Silicon nanowire arrays for the preconcentration and separation of trace explosives vapors

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

A Review of Preconcentrator Materials, Flow Regimes and Detection Technologies for Gas Adsorption and Sensing

A Review of Preconcentrator Materials, Flow Regimes and Detection Technologies for Gas Adsorption and Sensing

Nanoporous Silica Preconcentrator for Vapor-Phase DMNB, a Detection Taggant for Explosives

Non-target analysis of vapor mixtures using silicon nanowire array sampling and thermal desorption

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