Silicon isotope fractionation with a low‐silica rice mutant reflects plant uptake strategy in response to different silicon supply levels

Abstract

Plants may modulate uptake pathways when the nutrient concentration varies. The identified transporters Lsi1 and Lsi2 belong to low-affinity systems; however, it is unknown whether a high-affinity system responsible for silicon (Si) transport exists or how plants modulate Si uptake pathways. We aimed at developing isotope fractionation as a novel tool for nutrient uptake and cycling in plants. We grew the wildtype rice 'Oochikara' and its mutant lsi1 under low (Si-L: 0.17 mM) and high (Si-H:1.70 mM) Si supply levels and evaluated Si isotope fractionation between different Si pools. The isotope fractionations between Oochikara and nutrient solution were -0.15 and -0.63‰ at Si-L and Si-H, respectively; between lsi1 and nutrient solution they were -0.18 and -1.33‰ at Si-L and Si-H, respectively. The qualitative isotope fractionation caused by Lsi1 were -0.09 and -0.49‰ at Si-L and Si-H, respectively.We thus verified the hypothesis that Lsi1 preferred 28 Si transport over 30 Si and that this preference was independent of Si supply levels. Changes in Δ 30 Si plant-solution suggested that a high-affinity system exists and that plants may regulate Si uptake strategy by changing the participation of low-affinity and high-affinity pathways. Another root-shoot translocation that favors 28 Si has been found in Si-H-lsi1 that previously occurred in banana (Musa spp.), which suggested that Si xylem loading is related to the different Si transport abilities of Lsi1 and Lsi2. Our results demonstrated that Si isotope fractionation can shed light on plants' response to variable nutrient conditions.

Distribution of Emamectin Benzoate Granules in Maize Plants by Broadcasting into Maize Leaf Whorls

“…15 Silica particles have a large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity for polar substances. 16 Pesticides can be embedded with silica and sprayed on the surface or absorbed by the roots of plants and transported to other parts. 17 Emamectin benzoate (EB) is a new, highly effective semisynthetic antibiotic insecticide with both stomach and contact toxicity.…”

“…In addition, nanoscale photothermal materials have been used to achieve physical contact with killing pests, effectively reducing the use of chemical pesticides . Silica particles have a large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity for polar substances . Pesticides can be embedded with silica and sprayed on the surface or absorbed by the roots of plants and transported to other parts. , …”

“… 15 Silica particles have a large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity for polar substances. 16 Pesticides can be embedded with silica and sprayed on the surface or absorbed by the roots of plants and transported to other parts. 17 , 18 …”