Silicon‐induced root nodulation and synthesis of essential amino acids in a legume is associated with higher herbivore abundance

Johnson, Scott N.; Hartley, Susan; Ryalls, James M. W.; Frew, Adam; DeGabriel, Jane L.; Duncan, Michael; Gherlenda, Andrew N.

doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12893

Cited by 30 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Plants were grown in 70 mm diameter pots containing c. 700g of soil excavated from the Hawkesbury campus of Western Sydney University (location as above). The soil is typified as low-fertility sandy loam in the Clarendon Formation (Chromosol) ( Barton et al, 2010 ), which has low bioavailable Si content of 10–17 mg kg -1 ( Johnson et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil conditions play an important role in determining the extent to which eCO 2 and eT affect root nodulation in legumes ( Aranjuelo et al, 2014 ). Several studies report that supplementation of soil silicon (Si) levels promotes growth in legumes ( Horst and Marschner, 1978 ; Miyake and Takahashi, 1985 ; Guo et al, 2006 ; Johnson et al, 2017 ), though we know less about the functional role of Si in legumes compared to other plant families such as the Poaceae ( Epstein, 1999 ; Cooke and Leishman, 2011 ). Moreover, Si supplementation can increase rates of root nodulation and symbiosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria ( Nelwamondo and Dakora, 1999 ; Mali and Aery, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased provision of nitrogen may, however, allow plants to invest in plant defenses with negative impacts on herbivores ( Pineda et al, 2010 ; Brunner et al, 2015 ). While Si supplementation usually increases plant resistance to herbivores (mainly reported in the Poaecae; Reynolds et al, 2009 ), it may also indirectly increase susceptibility to herbivores via increases in legume growth and nutritional quality ( Johnson et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits from Below: Silicon Supplementation Maintains Legume Productivity under Predicted Climate Change Scenarios

et al. 2018

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Many studies demonstrate that elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2) can promote root nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legumes such as lucerne (Medicago sativa). But when elevated temperature (eT) conditions are applied in tandem with eCO2, a more realistic scenario for future climate change, the positive effects of eCO2 on nodulation and BNF in M. sativa are often much reduced. Silicon (Si) supplementation of M. sativa has also been reported to promote root nodulation and BNF, so could potentially restore the positive effects of eCO2 under eT. Increased nitrogen availability, however, could also increase host suitability for aphid pests, potentially negating any benefit. We applied eCO2 (+240 ppm) and eT (+4°C), separately and in combination, to M. sativa growing in Si supplemented (Si+) and un-supplemented soil (Si-) to determine whether Si moderated the effects of eCO2 and eT. Plants were either inoculated with the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum or insect-free. In Si- soils, eCO2 stimulated plant growth by 67% and nodulation by 42%, respectively, whereas eT reduced these parameters by 26 and 48%, respectively. Aphids broadly mirrored these effects on Si- plants, increasing colonization rates under eCO2 and performing much worse (reduced abundance and colonization) under eT when compared to ambient conditions, confirming our hypothesized link between root nodulation, plant growth, and pest performance. Examined across all CO2 and temperature regimes, Si supplementation promoted plant growth (+93%), and root nodulation (+50%). A. pisum abundance declined sharply under eT conditions and was largely unaffected by Si supplementation. In conclusion, supplementing M. sativa with Si had consistent positive effects on plant growth and nodulation under different CO2 and temperature scenarios. These findings offer potential for using Si supplementation to maintain legume productivity under predicted climate change scenarios without making legumes more susceptible to insect pests.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits from Below: Silicon Supplementation Maintains Legume Productivity under Predicted Climate Change Scenarios

et al. 2018

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“…In the case of healthy Bradyrhizobium -inoculated N 2 -fixing cowpea, yardlong bean and mung bean, the augmented growth elicited by Si can be directly attributed to Si for improvement in root nodulation, as previously reported in Si-treated cowpea [ 51 ] and Medicago sativa cv. Sequel plants [ 65 ]. There is also a possibility that the enhanced growth and nodulation in Si treated plants could be as a consequence of the Si promotion of net photosynthesis and chlorophyll content [ 66 ], as well as the cytokinin [ 67 ], K and Ca levels [ 63 ] (the parameters not investigated in current study).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon and Nitrate Differentially Modulate the Symbiotic Performances of Healthy and Virus-Infected Bradyrhizobium-nodulated Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Yardlong Bean (V. unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) and Mung Bean (V. radiata)

Izaguirre‐Mayoral

Brito

Baral

et al. 2017

Plants

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The effects of 2 mM silicon (Si) and 10 mM KNO3 (N)—prime signals for plant resistance to pathogens—were analyzed in healthy and Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) or Cowpea mild mottle virus (CMMV)-infected Bradyrhizobium-nodulated cowpea, yardlong bean and mung bean plants. In healthy plants of the three Vigna taxa, nodulation and growth were promoted in the order of Si + N > N > Si > controls. In the case of healthy cowpea and yardlong bean, the addition of Si and N decreased ureide and α-amino acids (AA) contents in the nodules and leaves in the order of Si + N> N > Si > controls. On the other hand, the addition of N arrested the deleterious effects of CCMV or CMMV infections on growth and nodulation in the three Vigna taxa. However, the addition of Si or Si + N hindered growth and nodulation in the CCMV- or CMMV-infected cowpea and yardlong bean, causing a massive accumulation of ureides in the leaves and nodules. Nevertheless, the AA content in leaves and nodules of CCMV- or CMMV-infected cowpea and yardlong bean was promoted by Si but reduced to minimum by Si + N. These results contrasted to the counteracting effects of Si or Si + N in the CCMV- and CMMV-infected mung bean via enhanced growth, nodulation and levels of ureide and AA in the leaves and nodules. Together, these observations suggest the fertilization with Si + N exclusively in virus-free cowpea and yardlong bean crops. However, Si + N fertilization must be encouraged in virus-endangered mung bean crops to enhance growth, nodulation and N-metabolism. It is noteworthy to see the enhanced nodulation of the three Vigna taxa in the presence of 10 mM KNO3.

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“…The importance of Si-based defenses may be species dependent because monocots accumulate much higher foliar Si than dicots (Hodson et al, 2005) and the importance of Si defenses could be less in low accumulating taxa (Hogendorp, 2008; but see Katz, 2014;Teixeira et al, 2017). Furthermore, the efficacy of Si-based defense may be counteracted to some extent by increased N availability, either through exogenous application or Si-induced root nodulation (Cahenzli & Erhardt, 2012;Nabity et al, 2012;Johnson et al, 2017). Herbivores generally express preference for N-rich plant material (Slansky & Scriber, 1985;White, 1993), although deleterious effects may arise from excessive or imbalanced N (Behmer, 2009;Lebigre et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant silicon effects on insect feeding dynamics are influenced by plant nitrogen availability

Moise

McNeil

Hartley

et al. 2019

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Although there is growing evidence that silicon (Si)‐based plant defenses effectively reduce both the palatability and digestibility of leaves, and thus impact nutrient assimilation by insect herbivores, much less is known about how this is affected by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. For example, do herbivores exhibit compensatory feeding on poor‐quality diets with Si or are Si defenses less effective in agroecosystems where high N availability increases plant quality? To investigate the interactive effects of N and Si on insect feeding, we conducted insect performance and compensatory feeding bioassays using maize, Zea mays L. (Poaceae), and the true armyworm, Pseudeletia unipuncta Haworth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In the performance assay, the addition of Si alone resulted in increased larval mortality compared with the controls, likely because early instars with poorly developed mandibles could not feed effectively. However, larvae fed on plants treated with both Si and N survived better than on plants treated with Si only, although pupal mass did not differ between treatments. In our compensatory assay, Si addition reduced maize consumption, but increased both armyworm approximate digestibility and N assimilation efficiency, suggesting that enhanced post‐ingestion feeding physiology, rather than compensatory food intake, could have accounted for the lack of Si effects on pupal weight. Overall, our results demonstrate that, similar to other chemical and mechanical defenses, the effectiveness of plant Si defense is influenced by plant nutrient status and consumer compensatory ability.

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Silicon‐induced root nodulation and synthesis of essential amino acids in a legume is associated with higher herbivore abundance

Abstract: /0000-0002-5117-687X, Johnson, Scott N., Ryalls, James M. W. et al. (4 more authors) (2017) Silicon-induced root nodulation and synthesis of essential amino acids in a legume is associated with higher herbivore abundance. Functional Ecology.

Cited by 30 publications

References 61 publications

Benefits from Below: Silicon Supplementation Maintains Legume Productivity under Predicted Climate Change Scenarios

Benefits from Below: Silicon Supplementation Maintains Legume Productivity under Predicted Climate Change Scenarios

Silicon and Nitrate Differentially Modulate the Symbiotic Performances of Healthy and Virus-Infected Bradyrhizobium-nodulated Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Yardlong Bean (V. unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) and Mung Bean (V. radiata)

Plant silicon effects on insect feeding dynamics are influenced by plant nitrogen availability

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