Silicon detector nonlinearity and related effects

Abstract

An explanation is put forth for the observed nonlinearity in the red spectral region of the response of silicon photodiodes. Experiments are described to support the explanation; and the results, implications, and precautions indicated for the use of these diodes are given. Correlation of nonlinearity with spatial nonuniformity of response is demonstrated.

Photodiodes as Optical Radiation Measurement Standards

“…These variables change with the angle of incidence and the light polarization, so the reflectance value will be known if the silicon oxide thickness, the angle of incidence, the refractive index and the light polarization status are known. This reflectance model has been already tested for another type of silicon photodiode from the same manufacturer [6].…”

Radiometric calibration procedures using the NBS MARBLE electronics package

“…The ratios of the external quantum efficiencies of the two photodiodes are in direct proportion to the measured voltage responses when subjected to the same amount of radiation. Solving equation (4) below and substituting into (3) above yields equation (5). The value obtained from self-calibration on the UV-444B is 0.4606 A/W.…”

“…The m Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety.…”

Absolute linearity measurement of photodetectors using sinusoidal modulated radiation

“…In the differential method, the detector is excited by a small modulated signal superimposed on a constant source. The constant and modulated components of the detector output are measured simultaneously to estimate the nonlinearity [6,7]. In the harmonic method, two chopped beams of slightly different frequencies are combined at the detector, and the relative amplitudes of the harmonics in the frequency domain are used to quantify the nonlinearity [2].…”