Silicon crystals for steering high-intensity particle beams at ultrahigh-energy accelerators

Mazzolari, A.; Romagnoni, M.; Bagli, E.; Bandiera, L.; Baricordi, S.; Camattari, Riccardo; Casotti, Davide; Tamisari, M.; Sytov, Alexei; Guidi, V.; Cavoto, G.; Carturan, S.; Salvador, D. De; Balbo, Andrea; Cruciani, Giuseppe; Caliste, Thu Nhi Tran; Verbeni, R.; Pastrone, N.; Lanzoni, Luca; Rossall, A. K.; Berg, Jan-Albert van den; Jenkins, R.G.; Dumas, Paul

doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.3.013108

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…Recently, an improved type of lead tungstate scintillator has been developed [16,20]. Known as PWO-UF (ultra-fast PWO), this scintillator features a scintillation decay time constant of 640 ps and a high radiation tolerance to the electromagnetic component of ionizing radiation, which make it an outstanding candidate for the dual readout of scintillation and Cherenkov photons in electromagnetic calorimetry at future collider experiments.…”

Section: A New Ultra-fast Pwo Scintillator and Its Crystallographic C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals

Bandiera,

Baryshevsky,

Canale

et al. 2023

Front. Phys.

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Progress in high-energy physics has been closely tied to the development of high-performance electromagnetic calorimeters. Recent experiments have demonstrated the possibility to significantly accelerate the development of electromagnetic showers inside scintillating crystals typically used in homogeneous calorimeters based on scintillating crystals when the incident beam is aligned with a crystallographic axis to within a few mrad. In particular, a reduction of the radiation length has been measured when ultrarelativistic electron and photon beams were incident on a high-Z scintillator crystal along one of its main axes. Here, we propose the possibility to exploit this physical effect for the design of a new type of compact e.m. calorimeter, based on oriented ultra-fast lead tungstate (PWO-UF) crystals, with a significant reduction in the depth needed to contain electromagnetic showers produced by high-energy particles with respect to the state-of-the-art. We report results from tests of the crystallographic quality of PWO-UF samples via high-resolution X-ray diffraction and photoelastic analysis. We then describe a proof-of-concept calorimeter geometry defined with a Geant4 model including the shower development in oriented crystals. Finally, we discuss the experimental techniques needed for the realization of a matrix of scintillator crystals oriented along a specific crystallographic direction. Since the angular acceptance for e.m. shower acceleration depends little on the particle energy, while the decrease of the shower length remains pronounced at very high energy, an oriented crystal calorimeter will open the way for applications at the maximum energies achievable in current and future experiments. Such applications span from forward calorimeters, to compact beam dumps for the search for light dark matter, to source-pointing space-borne γ-ray telescopes, to decrease the size and the cost of the calorimeter needed to fully contain e.m. showers initiated by GeV to TeV particles.

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Section: A New Ultra-fast Pwo Scintillator and Its Crystallographic C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals

Bandiera,

Baryshevsky,

Canale

et al. 2023

Front. Phys.

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“…A more recent setup for anticlastic bending was proposed by Ferrara team for collimation in LHC (see Figure 12a,b) [71]. The inclination between the surfaces where the crystal is mounted is machined during holder production, not by following mechanical deformation on the holder.…”

Section: Bending Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(c) channeling bending angle is measured after each bake-out process to confirm the assembly stability (light green zone is accepted range for LHC collimation). More details can be found in [71].…”

Section: Bending Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another effect to be taken in consideration during such measure is the angular shift caused by pitch and rolling of translation system can introduce artifact in the final results. This type of error can be avoided by the installation of an autocollimator and a flat reference mirror on the sample stage as suggested in [71]. In this case, the autocollimator will measure on the mirror the angular shifts during translation which can be subtracted in the curvature calculations.…”

Section: Bending Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bent Crystal Design and Characterization for High-Energy Physics Experiments

et al. 2022

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Bent crystal are widely used as optics for X-rays, but via the phenomenon of planar channeling they may act as waveguide for relativistic charged particles beam as well, outperforming some of the traditional technologies currently employed. A physical description of the phenomenon and the resulting potential for applications in a particle accelerator is reported. The elastic properties of the anisotropic crystal lattice medium are discussed, introducing different types of curvature which can enable a wide array of bending schemes optimized for each different case features. The technological development of machining strategy and bending solutions useful for the fabrication of crystals suitable in high energy particle manipulations are described. As well as the high precision characterization processes developed in order to satisfy the strict requirements for installation in an accelerator. Finally, the characterization of channeling phenomenon in bent crystal is described, pointing out several experimental setups suitable to comply each specific case constrains.

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High-precision alignment techniques for realizing an ultracompact electromagnetic calorimeters using oriented high-Z scintillator crystals

Malagutti,

Selmi,

Bandiera

et al. 2024

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Silicon crystals for steering high-intensity particle beams at ultrahigh-energy accelerators

Cited by 4 publications

References 115 publications

A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals

A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals

Bent Crystal Design and Characterization for High-Energy Physics Experiments

High-precision alignment techniques for realizing an ultracompact electromagnetic calorimeters using oriented high-Z scintillator crystals

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