Silicon-Carbon composite anodes from industrial battery grade silicon

Andersen, Hanne Flåten; Foss, Carl Erik Lie; Voje, Jorunn; Tronstad, Ragnar; Mokkelbost, Tommy; Vullum, Per Erik; Ulvestad, Asbjørn; Kirkengen, Martin; Mæhlen, Jan Petter

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51324-4

Cited by 86 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A typical sample of the microcrystalline, industrial grade Si could be represented as an ensemble of polycrystalline particles with sizes ranging from 100 nm to 5.5 microns which function will depend on the binder and cycling conditions 28 . Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging of a representative set of the Si particles utilized in this work is shown on the Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anodes for Li-ion batteries prepared from microcrystalline silicon and enabled by binder’s chemistry and pseudo-self-healing

Foss

Müssig

Svensson

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Silicon, while suffering from major degradation issues, has been recognized as a next promising material to replace currently used graphite in the anodes of Li-ion batteries. Several pathways to mitigate the capacity fading of silicon has been proposed, including optimization of the electrode composition. Within the present work we evaluated different binder formulations to improve the long-term performance of the Li-ion batteries’ anodes based on industrial grade silicon (Si) which is typically characterized by a particle sizes ranging from 100 nm to 5.5 microns. The decrease of pH in a binder formulation was found to detrimental for the cycling performance of Si due to enhanced formation of an ester-type bonding between the carboxylic group of the binder and hydroxyl group on the Si surface as well as cross-linking. Furthermore, the present work was focused on the use of the industrial grade Si with very high loading of Si material (up to 80% by weight) to better highlight the effects of the surface chemistry of Si and its influence on the performance of Si-based anodes in Li-ion batteries. The tested system allowed to establish a pseudo self-healing effect that manifests itself through the restoration of the anode capacity by approximately 25% and initiates after approximately 20 cycles. The stabilization of the capacity is attributed to self-limiting lithiation process. Such effect is closely related to SEI formation and transport properties of an electrode prepared from silicon of industrial grade.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, the anodes prepared at low pH have demonstrated a behavior rather common for that type of Si material. Thus, similarly to CMC binders 28 , the slurry preparation at pH 3 has a tremendous impact for the PAA-Si system, particularly when large Si particles are used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodes for Li-ion batteries prepared from microcrystalline silicon and enabled by binder’s chemistry and pseudo-self-healing

Foss

Müssig

Svensson

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Relative to cycling at full capacity, cycling with the capacity limited to 1000 mAh/g Si substantially extends the lifetime of all electrode Types [27] . Cycling under such conditions leaves part of the material intact, keeping “rest‐capacity” which is being utilized through further cycling as Si degrades.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16] Relative to cycling at full capacity, cycling with the capacity limited to 1000 mAh/g Si substantially extends the lifetime of all electrode Types. [27] Cycling under such conditions leaves part of the material intact, keeping "rest-capacity" which is being utilized through further cycling as Si degrades. When the accumulated degradation surpasses the theoretical rest capacity (ca 2600 Ah/g Si ) it causes a rapid capacity fade after ca 270 and 330 cycles for c-Si electrodes and a-Si electrodes, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Crystallinity of Silicon Nanoparticles: Direct Influence on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium Ion Battery Anodes

et al. 2020

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The use of silicon (Si) in the form of nanoparticles is one of the most promising routes for boosting the capacity of modern Li‐ion batteries. Many parameters influence the performance of Si making the comparison of materials complicated. The present work demonstrates a direct comparison of Si nanoparticles with amorphous and crystalline structures prepared through the same chemistry with the same particle size and morphology. The amorphous Si nanoparticles with an average diameter of 100 nm were synthesized through silane pyrolysis, and their crystalline analogues were obtained through subsequent annealing not altering size or morphology of the nanoparticles. Such direct comparison allows evaluation of the specific impact of crystallinity on the material's performance. From electrochemical analysis of these materials, the electrodes prepared from amorphous nanoparticles were found to exhibit improved cycle life compared to electrodes prepared from crystalline nanoparticles when the delithiation capacity of the anode was limited to 1000 mAh/gSi.

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“…In this context, silicon nanoparticles [6,7], silicon nanowires/nanotubes [8][9][10], nanosheets [11][12][13], nanofilms [14], and 3D porous structures [15,16] have been intensely studied to improve the anode performance significantly. At the same time, extensive research has been carried out to combine the silicon nanostructures with different carbon materials [17,18] such as amorphous carbon [19], conductive carbon black [20], carbon nanotubes [21], and graphene [22,23]. The insertion of metal nanoparticles has been also explored in terms of surface modification of the Si nanostructure to improve overall performance, particularly coulombic efficiency and power capability [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Characterization of Cu-Catalysed Si Nanowires as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Cells

Prosini

Rondino

Moreno

et al. 2020

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Silicon (Si) nanowires (NWs) grown on stainless-steel substrates by Cu-catalysed Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) have been prepared to be used as anodes in lithium-ion batteries. The use of NWs can overcome the problems related to the Si volume changes occurring during lithium alloying by reducing stress relaxation and preventing material fragmentation. Moreover, since the SiNWs are grown directly on the substrate, which also acts as a current collector, an excellent electrical contact is generated between the two materials without the necessity to use additional binders or conducting additives. The electrochemical performance of the SiNWs was tested in cells using lithium metal as the anode. A large irreversible capacity was observed during the first cycle and, to a lesser extent, during the second cycle. All the subsequent cycles showed good reversibility even if the coulombic efficiency did not exceed 95%, suggesting the formation of an unstable SEI film and a continuous decomposition of the electrolyte on the silicon surface. The absence of a stable SEI film was assumed responsible for a linear capacity fade observed upon cycling. On the other hand, the electrochemical characterization performed at different values of the charging current showed that SiNWs possess an exceptionally high rate capability.

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Silicon-Carbon composite anodes from industrial battery grade silicon

Cited by 86 publications

References 42 publications

Anodes for Li-ion batteries prepared from microcrystalline silicon and enabled by binder’s chemistry and pseudo-self-healing

Anodes for Li-ion batteries prepared from microcrystalline silicon and enabled by binder’s chemistry and pseudo-self-healing

Crystallinity of Silicon Nanoparticles: Direct Influence on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium Ion Battery Anodes

Electrochemical Characterization of Cu-Catalysed Si Nanowires as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Cells

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