Silicon carbide whiskers reinforced akermanite scaffolds for tissue engineering

45S5 Bioglass analogue reinforced akermanite ceramic favorable for additive manufacturing mechanically strong scaffolds

“…Shuai's group developed some laser-sintered Ca-/ Ca-Mg silicate-based scaffolds via the incorporation of a secondary phase such as boron nitride, nano-titania, silicon carbide, and graphene. 21,22,27,28 Unfortunately, the potential long-term effects in the living body of these bio-inert additives is still unknown. In comparison, this study provides a reliable strategy in that the addition of highly biocompatible and bioactive low-melt NCS-B is benecial in improving mechanical properties with respect to the as-known inert phase or foreign ion doping routes.…”

“…Overall, the strength (in the direction parallel to the pore channel) increased from AK100/NCS-B0 to AK60/NCS-B40, and then decreased for AK40/NCS-B60. The AK80/NCS-B20 and AK60/NCS-B40 scaffolds sintered at 1050 C showed more appreciable strength (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36) than those sintered at 1100 C. Furthermore, these strength values for the scaffolds sintered at 1050 C were respectively nearly 6 and 10 times higher than that of AK100/NCS-B0 (1050 C), though the open porosity of the latter was only $2.8% higher than those of the AK80/NCS-B20 and AK60/NCS-B40 composite scaffolds. Moreover, it should be mentioned that the compressive strength and porosity of the porous scaffolds slowly decreased and increased, respectively, with the prolongation of the immersion time.…”

Processing of Calcium Magnesium Silicates by the Sol–Gel Route

“…One of the most recent challenges for researchers in the scientific field is obtaining new biomaterials for tissue engineering. In this sense, bioceramics based on calcium magnesium silicates are increasingly studied, following their use in medicine due to their properties, such as high biocompatibility, bioactivity and biodegradability [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], superior mechanical properties [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] and appropriate degradability rate [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], being often compared with calcium silicates (CaSiO 3 ) and calcium phosphates (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ) [ 10 ]. The class of calcium silicates also includes the ceramic components of the ternary system CaO–SiO 2 –MgO [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], such as diopside (CaMgSi 2 O 6 ), akermanite (Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 ) and merwinite (Ca 3 MgSi 2 O 8 ).…”

Toughening and strengthening mechanisms of porous akermanite scaffolds reinforced with nano-titania

“…An ideal scaffold should possess good biocompatibility, adequate mechanical properties and controllable degradation rates. 5,6 Moreover, akermanite has a controllable degradation rate and can form a bone like apatite layer aer immersion in simulated body uid. Akermanite [Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 ], as a Ca-, Si-, Mg-containing bioceramic, has been demonstrated to be osteoinductive and able to promote bone repair.…”

“…These ions can enhance osteoblasts adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. 5,6 Moreover, akermanite has a controllable degradation rate and can form a bone like apatite layer aer immersion in simulated body uid. 7,8 The preliminary studies indicated that akermanite has great potential as a scaffold material.…”