Silicon and Germanium Nanoparticles with Tailored Surface Chemistry as Novel Inorganic Fiber Brightening Agents

Deb‐Choudhury, Santanu; Prabakar, Sujay; Krsinic, Gail L.; Dyer, Jolon M.; Tilley, Richard D.

doi:10.1021/jf401464r

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There is great interest in the unique size and surface dependent optical properties of semiconductor NCs. − Si NCs are attractive because of their unique optical properties, high natural abundance, low toxicity, and well developed surface chemistry. − Si NCs have a diverse range of applications, such as bioimaging agents, water splitting, battery anodes, and use in next generation photovoltaic devices. ,− In this Account, we provide an outline of the exciting recent progress in the synthesis, surface functionalization, optical properties, and potential applications of Si NCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Bioimaging Applications of Silicon Nanocrystals

2014

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Understanding and unlocking the potential of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) is important for future applications ranging from biomedical imaging contrast agents to the next generation of solar cells and LEDs. Silicon NCs (Si NCs) have key advantages compared with other semiconductor NCs due to silicon's high natural abundance, low toxicity and strong biocompatibility, and unique size, and surface dependent optical properties. In this Account, we review and discuss the synthesis, surface modification, purification, optical properties, and applications of Si NCs. The synthetic methods used to make Si NCs have improved considerably in the last 5-10 years; highly monodisperse Si NCs can now be produced on the near gram scale. Scaled-up syntheses have allowed scientists to drive further toward the commercial utilization of Si NCs. The synthesis of doped Si NCs, through addition of a simple elemental precursor to a reaction mixture or by the production of a single source precursor, has shown great promise. Doped Si NCs have demonstrated unique or enhanced properties compared with pure Si NCs, for example, magnetism due to the presence of magnetic metals like Fe and Mn. Surface reactions have reached a new level of sophistication where organic (epoxidation and diol formation) and click (thiol based) chemical reactions can be carried out on attached surface molecules. This has led to a wide range of biocompatible functional groups as well as a degree of emission tuneability. The purification of Si NCs has been improved through the use of size separation columns and size selective precipitation. These purification approaches have yielded highly monodisperse and pure Si NCs previously unachieved. This has allowed scientists to study the size and surface dependent properties and toxicity and enabled the use of Si NCs in biomedical applications. The optical properties of Si NCs are complex. Using a combination of characterization techniques, researchers have explored the relation between the optical properties and the size, surface functionalization, and preparation method. This work has led to a greater fundamental understanding of the unique optical properties of Si NCs. Si NCs are being studied for a wide range of important applications, including LEDS with tunable electroluminescence ranging from NIR to yellow, the encapsulation of Si NCs within micelles terminated with proteins to allow targeted in vivo imaging of cells, Si NC-polymer hybrid solar cells, and the use of Si NCs in battery anodes with high theoretical capacity and good charge retention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Bioimaging Applications of Silicon Nanocrystals

2014

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“…Common synthetic routes from halide precursors involve reduction by hydride or organoalkali reagents and thermal decomposition . Hydride reduction of halide salts has been highly successful in synthesizing silicon and germanium NCs (Scheme ) . Critical to the syntheses success is the ability to tune the size of the NCs by changes in precursor reactivity, reducing agent strength, and surfactants …”

Section: Solution Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Synthesis, Surface Passivation, Optical Properties, Biomedical Applications, and Cytotoxicity of Silicon and Germanium Nanocrystals

et al. 2016

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Silicon and germanium nanocrystals (NCs) are attractive materials owing to their unique size and surface‐dependent optical properties. The optical properties of silicon and germanium NCs make them highly suitable for a range of applications, including bioimaging, light‐emitting diodes, and solar cells. In this review, the solution synthesis, surface passivation, optical properties, biomedical applications, and cytotoxicity of silicon and germanium NCs are compared and contrasted. Over the last 10 years, synthetic protocols have improved considerably, with size control readily achieved. Investigations have begun into a range of silicon and germanium nanostructures, including doped, alloy, and metal–semiconductor hybrid NCs, which represent the next generation of silicon and germanium nanomaterials. Silicon and germanium NCs are actively researched for a wide array of biomedical applications, including, long‐term in vivo cellular imaging, fluorescent nanocarriers for drug delivery, and as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cytotoxicity studies have shown the low toxicity of Si NCs, while demonstrating that Ge NCs are less toxic than CdSe NCs at similar concentrations, giving these materials a strong future in nanomedicine applications.

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“…[15][16][17] Si and Ge nanoparticles can be used as anode material for LiÀ Ion batteries, as current leakage prevention in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) memory devices, and as improving photostability of material. [17][18][19] Column 14 (IVA) nanoparticles like C, Si, and Ge, are promising semiconductor nanoparticles due to their high natural abundance, unique optical properties, surface chemistry, and low toxicity. [33] Si nanoparticles opened a new era to their applications in electronics, sensors, biomedical and energy storage due to its distinguished physical and chemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semiconductor nanoparticles are particularly interesting owing to their unique optical and electronic properties, and other disparate applications [15–17] . Si and Ge nanoparticles can be used as anode material for Li−Ion batteries, as current leakage prevention in metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) memory devices, and as improving photostability of material [17–19] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Silicon and Germanium Oxide Nanostructures via Photonic Curing; a Facile Approach to Scale Up Fabrication

Khatoon,

Subedi,

Chrisey

2024

ChemistryOpen

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Silicon and Germanium oxide (SiOx and GeOx) nanostructures are promising materials for energy storage applications due to their potentially high energy density, large lithiation capacity (~10X carbon), low toxicity, low cost, and high thermal stability. This work reports a unique approach to achieving controlled synthesis of SiOx and GeOx nanostructures via photonic curing. Unlike conventional methods like rapid thermal annealing, quenching during pulsed photonic curing occurs rapidly (sub‐millisecond), allowing the trapping of metastable states to form unique phases and nanostructures. We explored the possible underlying mechanism of photonic curing by incorporating laws of photophysics, photochemistry, and simulated temperature profile of thin film. The results show that photonic curing of spray coated 0.1 M molarity Si and Ge Acetyl Acetate precursor solution, at total fluence 80 J cm−2 can yield GeOx and SiOx nanostructures. The as‐synthesized nanostructures are ester functionalized due to photoinitiated chemical reactions in thin film during photonic curing. Results also showed that nanoparticle size changes from ~48 nm to ~11 nm if overall fluence is increased by increasing the number of pulses. These results are an important contribution towards large‐scale synthesis of the Ge and Si oxide nanostructured materials which is necessary for next‐generation energy storage devices.

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Silicon and Germanium Nanoparticles with Tailored Surface Chemistry as Novel Inorganic Fiber Brightening Agents

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Solution Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Bioimaging Applications of Silicon Nanocrystals

Solution Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Bioimaging Applications of Silicon Nanocrystals

Solution Synthesis, Surface Passivation, Optical Properties, Biomedical Applications, and Cytotoxicity of Silicon and Germanium Nanocrystals

Synthesis of Silicon and Germanium Oxide Nanostructures via Photonic Curing; a Facile Approach to Scale Up Fabrication

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