Silicification in sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) cultivars with different drought tolerance

Lee, Alexander; Luxová, Miroslava; Hattori, Tomokazu; Inanaga, Shinobu; Sugimoto, Yukihiro

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150110.x

Cited by 176 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Si is a major constituent of many plants, but is not generally classified as 'essential'; although Si is regarded as an essential element in a number of species of the Poaceae and Cyperaceae, it has not been possible to demonstrate that it is essential to all higher plants because direct evidence is still lacking (Epstein 1994;1999;Liang et al 2007). Previous research has reported that exogenous Si can increase plant tolerance to high manganese concentrations (Horst and Marschner 1978), drought (Lux et al 2002), heavy-metal contamination (Neumann and zur Nieden 2001;Kim et al 2014a), and resistance to pests and pathogens (Belanger et al 2003;Liang et al 2007;Richmond and Sussman, 2003). Furthermore, Si contributes to stress resistance in other crops such as the cucumber (Zhu et al 2004), soybean (Hamayun et al 2010), tomato (Heine et al 2007), and wheat (Gong et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon-mediated mitigation of wounding stress acts by up-regulating the rice antioxidant system

Kim

Khan

Waqas

et al. 2016

Cereal Research Communications

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Silicon (Si) is essential for normal growth and development in plants and is also beneficial for their responses to wounding. However, the mechanisms by which Si acts to mitigate the effects of wounding is not fully understood. This effect possibly occurs through a reduction in the oxidative stresses associated with wounding. Here, we tested this possibility by investigating the effects of applying different concentrations of Si (0,5 and 1,0 mM) to rice plants under wounding stress for a period of 6 and 12 h. We found that a higher uptake of Si was signifiacntly associated with an increase in leaf chlorophyll contet. In response to wounding induced oxidative stress, the extent of lipid bilayer peroxidation was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by Si application for 6 or 12 h. Activity of the catalase enzyme was initially lowered by Si treatment; however, at 1.0 mM Si, catalase activity increased significantly after 12h of wounding stress. A similar response was also observed for a peroxidase enzyme. Polyphenol oxidase showed a significant reduction in activity. We conclude that Si application does not only improve leaf chlorophyll content but can also overcome the oxidative stress due wounds or physical injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon-mediated mitigation of wounding stress acts by up-regulating the rice antioxidant system

Kim

Khan

Waqas

et al. 2016

Cereal Research Communications

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“…Silicon has been recognized as a toxicity alleviating agent in plants through retaining heavy metals in roots, inhibiting their translocation to the shoots (Shi et al, 2005a), depositing SiO 2 in the apoplast of the roots and on the leaf surface, forming a barrier to the apoplastic flow of metallic ions and to transpiration flux (Lux et al, 2002;Shi et al, 2005a). It also contributes to the co-precipitation of Si-metal complexes in the cell wall, compartmentalization of metals bound to organic acids in the vacuole (Neumann and Nieden, 2001), more homogeneous distribution of metals, formation of Si-polyphenol complexes in tissues (Maksimovic et al, 2007), and reduced lipid peroxidation in the membrane, via stimulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Shi et al, 2005b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Silicon on Alleviating Arsenic Toxicity in Maize Plants

Silva

Nascimento

Neto

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Arsenic is a metalloid highly toxic to plants and animals, causing reduced plant growth and various health problems for humans and animals. Silicon, however, has excelled in alleviating stress caused by toxic elements in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Si in alleviating As stress in maize plants grown in a nutrient solution and evaluate the potential of the spectral emission parameters and the red fluorescence (Fr) and far-red fluorescence (FFr) ratio obtained in analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence in determination of this interaction. An experiment was carried out in a nutrient solution containing a toxic rate of As (68 μmol L -1 ) and six increasing rates of Si (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mmol L -1 ). Dry matter production and concentrations of As, Si, and photosynthetic pigments were then evaluated. Chlorophyll fluorescence was also measured throughout plant growth. Si has positive effects in alleviating As stress in maize plants, evidenced by the increase in photosynthetic pigments. Silicon application resulted in higher As levels in plant tissue; therefore, using Si for soil phytoremediation may be a promising choice. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis proved to be a sensitive tool, and it can be successfully used in the study of the ameliorating effects of Si in plant protection, with the Fr/FFr ratio as the variable recommended for identification of temporal changes in plants.

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“…The role of Si in plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses has been attributed particularly to modification of cell wall properties (Chérif et al, 1992;Horst et al, 1999a;Fawe et al, 2001;Lux et al, 2002). Iwasaki et al (2002aIwasaki et al ( , 2002b and Rogalla and Rö mheld (2002) showed that Si-enhanced manganeseleaf tolerance is related to a reduction in the concentration of Mn 21 in the leaf apoplastic washing fluid in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus), respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Apoplastic Binding of Aluminum Is Involved in Silicon-Induced Amelioration of Aluminum Toxicity in Maize

2004

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The alleviating effect of silicon (Si) supply on aluminum (Al) toxicity was suggested to be based on ex or in planta mechanisms. In our experiments with the Al-sensitive maize (Zea mays) cultivar Lixis, Si treatment but not Si pretreatment ameliorated Alinduced root injury as revealed by less root-growth inhibition and callose formation. Si treatment did not affect monomeric Al concentrations in the nutrient solution, suggesting an in planta effect of Si on Al resistance. A fractionated analysis of Si and Al in the 1-cm root apices revealed that more than 85% of the root-tip Al was bound in the cell wall. Al contents in the apoplastic sap, the symplastic sap, and the cell wall did not differ between 2Si and 1Si plants. Si did not affect the Al-induced exudation of organic acid anions and phenols from the root apices. However, Al treatment greatly enhanced Si accumulation in the cell wall fraction, reducing the mobility of apoplastic Al. From our data we conclude that Si treatment leads to the formation of hydroxyaluminumsilicates in the apoplast of the root apex, thus detoxifying Al.Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the main factors limiting plant growth and crop yields in acid soils. Although much progress has been made during recent years, the mechanisms of Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and Al resistance are still not well understood. There are a number of excellent reviews in recent years summarizing the state of knowledge and addressing knowledge gaps (Kochian, 1995;Taylor, 1995;Delhaize and Ryan, 1995;Matsumoto, 2000;Kochian et al., 2002). Particularly, the relative importance of symplastic versus apoplastic lesions of Al toxicity remains a matter of debate. Rengel (1996) and especially Horst (1995) focused the attention on the role of the apoplast in Al toxicity regarding short-term inhibition of root elongation by Al.Silicon (Si) is a beneficial mineral element for plants and even a plant nutrient for some plant species (Epstein, 1999). The role of Si in plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses has been attributed particularly to modification of cell wall properties (Chérif et al., 1992;Horst et al., 1999a;Fawe et al., 2001;Lux et al., 2002). Iwasaki et al. (2002aIwasaki et al. ( , 2002b and Rogalla and Rö mheld (2002) showed that Si-enhanced manganeseleaf tolerance is related to a reduction in the concentration of Mn 21 in the leaf apoplastic washing fluid in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus), respectively. Si has been reported to alleviate Al toxicity in conifers (Ryder et al., 2003), barley (Hordeum vulgare; Hammond et al., 1995), soybean (Glycine max; Baylis et al., 1994), maize (Zea mays; Barceló et al., 1993), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor; Galvez et al., 1987). Little or no effect of Si on Al resistance has been found in wheat (Triticum aestivum), pea (Pisum sativum; Hodson and Evans, 1995), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum; Li et al., 1989), but this may have been due to methodological shortcomings (Ryder et al., 2003). The beneficial role of Si has been...

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Silicification in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars with different drought tolerance

Cited by 176 publications

References 19 publications

Silicon-mediated mitigation of wounding stress acts by up-regulating the rice antioxidant system

Silicon-mediated mitigation of wounding stress acts by up-regulating the rice antioxidant system

Effects of Silicon on Alleviating Arsenic Toxicity in Maize Plants

Apoplastic Binding of Aluminum Is Involved in Silicon-Induced Amelioration of Aluminum Toxicity in Maize

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