Silica sulfuric acid-catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 1,3,4 trisubstituted pyrrole 2,5 dione to chalcones

Spinel zinc ferrite nanoparticles: an active nanocatalyst for microwave irradiated solvent free synthesis of chalcones

“…In the Claisen -Schmidt condensation reaction, the response of benzaldehydes with acetophenones to frame chalcones (1, 3-diarylpropenones) pulled in the most consideration on account of various pharmacological applications, for example, anticancer [43], anti-inflammatory [44], and against hypertensive medications [45]. Since the improvement of Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction during the 1970s, the responses catalyzed by solid base or Lewis acids is a critical instrument for developing chalcones [46].…”

Fe3O4@MOF core–shell magnetic microspheres as excellent catalysts for the Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction

“…4 Since the development of Claisen-Schmidt condensation reactions in the 1970s, the reactions catalyzed by strong base or Lewis acids have become some of the most important tools for constructing chalcones. 5 However, the use of these homogeneous catalysts requires neutralization of the base or acid and separation from the reaction mixture, leading to loss of catalyst, reduction of the product yields, impossibility to reuse, and a number of environmental problems. 6 One way to overcome these problems is to use a heterogeneous catalyst instead of the homogeneous one in view of its ease of handing, simple workup and regenerability.…”

Application of basic isoreticular nanoporous metal–organic framework: IRMOF-3 as a suitable and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of chalcone

“…7 However, problems of catalyst recovery and disposal of waste generated should be addressed for these homogenous catalysts. In the past decade, various heterogeneous catalysts have been increasingly used to promote this reaction such as silica-sulphuric acid, 8 recyclable SO 3 Hfunctionalized ionic liquids, 9 graphene acid, 10 magnesium oxide, 11 alkaline-doped carbons 12 and aminopropylated silica. 13 Analogously, many zeolite-based catalysts have been reported as heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of chalcone and its derivatives.…”