Silica reinforced epoxidized solution-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber and epoxidized polybutadiene rubber nanocomposite as green tire tread

Liu, Shilin; Liu, Ling; Wu, Qifei; Zhang, Liqun

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2023.126082

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Incorporating silica into a butyl rubber matrix is challenging due to the large difference in polarity . It is not possible to thoroughly mix the two by mechanical force alone, because the silica tends to agglomerate as a result of hydrogen bonding .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incorporating silica into a butyl rubber matrix is challenging due to the large difference in polarity. 54 It is not possible to thoroughly mix the two by mechanical force alone, because the silica tends to agglomerate as a result of hydrogen bonding. 55 To know whether the epoxidized butyl rubber shows better silica dispersion than its parent regular butyl, regular butyl rubber and epoxidized butyl rubber with 1.13 and 1.49 mol % of epoxy group were mixed with 50 phr of high surface area-precipitated silica.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a catalyst is usually required for the epoxidation using H 2 O 2 . 22 , 29 , 30 The peracid systems suffer from the potential ring opening of the epoxy group and subsequent gelation, 31 − 33 and an elevated temperature is required to accelerate the reaction for performic acid and peracetic acid. In addition, mCPBA has a high price and the removal of the excess mCPBA and reaction side product benzoic acid from organic solvents is time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fast, Efficient, Catalyst-Free Epoxidation of Butyl Rubber Using Oxone/Acetone for Improved Filler Dispersion

Cao,

Elliott,

Sirohey

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Incorporation of a polar filler such as silica into a nonpolar rubber matrix is challenging and energy consuming due to their large difference in polarity. Epoxidation of carbon–carbon double bonds in unsaturated rubber, especially for rubber with low unsaturation such as butyl rubber, is an effective method to introduce polar functional groups to the rubber macromolecules for better filler dispersion. Although different epoxidation reagents including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peracid, and meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) have been previously reported, these reagents have different drawbacks. In this article, a metal-free epoxidation reagent, dimethyl dioxirane (DMDO), generated from acetone and Oxone is explored for efficient epoxidation of rubber with low unsaturation. The effects of the addition manner of the reactant Oxone and buffer sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and reaction temperature on the epoxide formation are studied. Compared to peracid, a faster and more efficient epoxidation without the generation of a ring-opened product is achieved when DMDO is used as the epoxidation reagent. Furthermore, it is found that the epoxidation using DMDO is not sensitive to the water concentration in the rubber solution up to 20 wt %. The addition of quaternary ammonium salt as a phase transfer catalyst not only improves the conversion but also further increases the water tolerance to 25 wt %. The reaction conditions for preparation of epoxidized butyl rubber with different percentages of epoxide group are optimized by Design of Experiments (DoE). At the end, improved dispersion of silica in the matrix of epoxidized butyl rubber is achieved, as revealed by the rubber process analyzer (RPA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fast, Efficient, Catalyst-Free Epoxidation of Butyl Rubber Using Oxone/Acetone for Improved Filler Dispersion

Cao,

Elliott,

Sirohey

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The slightly higher M L of ESSBR/APTES/silica and ESSBR/silica/APTES in comparison with ESSBR/silica is related to the reaction of the amino group with epoxy group during compounding process due to high reactivity. ΔM can be affected by both cross‐linking density and the filler dispersion 30,37–39 . SSBR/TESPD/silica have the largest ΔM due to poor dispersion despite the highest sulfur rank form TESPD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silane coupling agent 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified silica/epoxidized solution‐polymerized styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites

Hui

Liu

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, epoxidized solution‐polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (ESSBR) as the matrix and silica as filler, a small quantity of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) is used to adjust the cross‐linking network of ESSBR/silica. The effect of two APTES addition methods (ESSBR/APTES/silica and ESSBR/silica/APTES) on the nanocomposite properties is investigated. The epoxy groups of ESSBR and the ethoxy groups of APTES can react with the hydroxyl groups on silica to improve dispersion. At the same time, the amino groups at another end of APTES can react with the epoxy groups of ESSBR to increase the cross‐linking density. Compared with bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide (TESPD) modified SSBR/silica (SSBR/TESPD/silica), ESSBR/APTES/silica shows 133% improvement in wet‐skid resistance, 14% reduction in rolling resistance with less silane coupling agent and volatile organic compounds emissions. ESSBR/APTES/silica has excellent overall performance and offers a good prospect for the preparation of green tire tread.Highlights APTES modified silica/ESSBR nanocomposites are prepared. Epoxy groups and APTES react with silica to improve dispersion. APTES can increase the cross‐linking density. The nanocomposite has excellent comprehensive performance as green tire tread. The nanocomposite has less silane coupling agent and VOCs emission.

show abstract

“…Precipitated silica has emerged as a compelling substitute for carbon black fillers with the rise of 'green tire' in the production of eco-friendly and high-performance automotive tires [7,8]. Silica-based tire tread compounds showcase elevated levels of elasticity, reduced heat build-up, lowered rolling resistance, and superior wet grip performance in contrast to compounds using carbon black fillers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the effect of silica particles and silane coupling agent on silica-filled tire tread compounds

Um,

Kwon,

Lee

et al. 2024

Funct. Compos. Struct.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enhancing attributes such as abrasion resistance, wet grip, and rolling resistance significantly impacts the overall performance optimization in tire tread applications. These attributes are predominantly influenced by the dispersity of silica filler within tire tread compounds. Therefore, it becomes imperative to enhance silica dispersion by thoroughly investigating the impact of each constituent in the tire tread compound. This study aims to elucidate the effects of silica particle size and silane coupling agents on tire tread compound properties. The results demonstrate that larger specific surface area silica particles alongside 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agents effectively reduce filler-filler interactions and enhance silica dispersion within the tire tread compound. Consequently, these improvements contribute to the overall enhancement of tire tread compound performance. These findings offer valuable insights into advancing the reinforced performance of tire tread compounds through the synergistic utilization of each constituent.

show abstract

Silica reinforced epoxidized solution-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber and epoxidized polybutadiene rubber nanocomposite as green tire tread

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Fast, Efficient, Catalyst-Free Epoxidation of Butyl Rubber Using Oxone/Acetone for Improved Filler Dispersion

Fast, Efficient, Catalyst-Free Epoxidation of Butyl Rubber Using Oxone/Acetone for Improved Filler Dispersion

Silane coupling agent 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified silica/epoxidized solution‐polymerized styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites

Investigation of the effect of silica particles and silane coupling agent on silica-filled tire tread compounds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About