Silica/Polyethylene Glycol Hybrid Materials Prepared by a Sol-Gel Method and Containing Chlorogenic Acid

Abstract

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a very common dietary polyphenolic compound. CGA is becoming very attractive due to its potential use as preventive and therapeutic agent in many diseases, including cancer. Inorganic/organic hybrid materials are gaining considerable attention in the biomedical field. The sol-gel process provides a useful way to obtain functional organic/inorganic hybrids. The aim of this study was to synthesize silica/polyethylene glycol (PEG) hybrids with different percentages of CGA by sol-gel technique and to investigate their impact on the cancer cell proliferation. Synthesized materials have been chemically characterized through the FTIR spectroscopy and their bioactivity evaluated looking by SEM at their ability to produce a hydroxyapatite layer on their surface upon incubation with simulated body fluid (SBF). Finally, their effects on cell proliferation were studied in cell lines by direct cell number counting, MTT, flow cytometry-based cell-cycle and cell death assays, and immunoblotting experiments. Notably, we found that SiO2/PEG/CGA hybrids exhibit clear antiproliferative effects in different tumor, including breast cancer and osteosarcoma, cell lines in a CGA dependent manner, but not in normal cells. Overall, our results increase the evidence of CGA as a possible anticancer agent and illustrate the potential for clinical applications of sol-gel synthesized SiO2/PEG/CGA materials.

Chlorogenic Acid Entrapped in Hybrid Materials with High PEG Content: A Strategy to Obtain Antioxidant Functionalized Biomaterials?

“…This could be explained taking into account the so-called double-edged sword behavior of phenols and polyphenols [27], meaning that they can be used as antioxidant compounds against oxidative stress at lower doses and as pro-oxidant agents at higher doses. This is in line with our previous findings, which explored the growth inhibitory effect of SiO 2 /PEG/CGA hybrids—with lower amounts of the polymer—against breast cancer and osteosarcoma cell lines [28]. In this context, these encouraging data suggested the ability of the investigated hybrids to induce a consistent variation of protein levels, such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and caspase-3.…”

The KDM Inhibitor GSKJ4 Triggers CREB Downregulation via a Protein Kinase A and Proteasome-Dependent Mechanism in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

“…Cell cycle analysis was assessed as formerly described (26). In detail, cells were plated at a density of 2 × 10 5 cells/ml, collected after stimulation, centrifuged (5 min at 400 × g) and suspended in 500 µl 1× phosphate buffered saline (PBS), in which NP-40 (0.1%), sodium citrate (0.1%), and PI (50 mg/ml) were previously added.…”

A novel, doped calcium silicate bioceramic synthesized by sol–gel method: Investigation of setting time and biological properties

“…Therefore, dental materials research has focused on developing new materials with negligible cytotoxicity, shorter setting time, and higher potential for apatite formation on their surfaces in order to mitigate the disadvantages of MTA. One such approach is based on the sol–gel synthesis method . Through this process, the required chemical and physical properties of a material can be easily adjusted by controlling different catalysts concentrations and precursor Ca/Si molar ratios .…”

“…One such approach is based on the sol-gel synthesis method. 14 Through this process, the required chemical and physical properties of a material can be easily adjusted by controlling different catalysts concentrations and precursor Ca/Si molar ratios. 15 The advantages of this synthesis route, when compared to the conventional solid-state reactions, 16 combustion, and co-precipitation 17 methods are higher materials purity and homogeneity, which render them less cytotoxic, and the ability to have shorter setting time which overcomes the prolonged setting time of MTA (165 AE 5 min), 2 as well as faster apatite-forming ability and better control of their structure and morphology.…”