Silica Gel Impregnated by Deep Eutectic Solvents for Adsorptive Removal of BTEX from Gas Streams

Makoś, Patrycja; Słupek, Edyta; Małachowska, Aleksandra

doi:10.3390/ma13081894

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…The absorption peak of unmodified silica at 3400 cm −1 and 1082 cm −1 are the stretching vibration peak of the –OH and the asymmetric stretching vibration peak of Si–O–Si, respectively. 18 Compared with unmodified silica, the peak area of modified silica at 3500–3000 cm −1 is increased due to the formation of the hydrogen bond between DES and silica, the absorption peak at 3336 cm −1 and 3200 cm −1 are the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration peaks of N–H, and the C=O stretching vibration peak at 1664 cm −1 also shown in the FTIR spectroscopy of the DES, which proves that the silica is successfully modified by DES. The Schematic of the preparing process of NR-DESx compounds is shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 It has been used for many applications, such as extraction, 15 catalysis, 16 and synthesis. 17 Mako et al 18 prepared a new adsorbent by impregnating silica with different DES, which was used to adsorb toluene, xylene, and other substances in the gas. The experimental results show that DES successfully modified silica and increased the adsorption capacity of silica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of silica modified by deep eutectic solvents on the properties of nature rubber/silica composites

Yang

Guo

et al. 2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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The effect of deep eutectic solvent (DES) modified silica on the properties of nature rubber (NR) composites were investigated. The DES is an environment-friendly and low-cost solvent, which was prepared by mixing choline chloride and urea in a 1:2 molar ratio. The NR composites filled with DES modified silica were prepared and the properties were tested. The interaction between the DES and silica were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the interaction between silica and silica were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dynamic properties, such as rolling resistance and wet skid resistance, and were tested by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Morphologies of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the DES can interact with silica by hydrogen bond to improve the compatibility between the rubber and silica. When the content of DES was 3 phr, the tensile strength, modulus at 300%, tear strength, and the crosslinking density of the composites was increased. At the same time, the proper content of DES can reduce the rolling resistance of the vulcanized rubber while maintaining good wet skid resistance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of silica modified by deep eutectic solvents on the properties of nature rubber/silica composites

Yang

Guo

et al. 2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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“…The flow rate was kept constant (50 mL/min) throughout the process. The research was carried out in accordance with the procedure described in previous works [36,39,55,56].…”

Section: Absorption Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, they are also non-toxic and biodegradable, and their synthesis is simple and cheap [27][28][29]. Due to the favorable properties of DESs, they are used in many processes, i.e., extraction [30][31][32][33][34], sample preparation [35], absorption [36][37][38][39], adsorption [40], metal electrodeposition [41], and biotransformations [42]. In addition, there are a lot of studies on the application of DESs for the removal of inorganic contaminants from gas streams, i.e., those of CO 2 [43][44][45], H 2 S [46], SO 2 [47], H 2 O [48], NH 3 [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Carvone-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Siloxanes Capture from Biogas

Makoś

Słupek

Kramarz

et al. 2021

IJMS

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During biogas combustion, siloxanes form deposits of SiO2 on engine components, thus shortening the lifespan of the installation. Therefore, the development of new methods for the purification of biogas is receiving increasing attention. One of the most effective methods is physical absorption with the use of appropriate solvents. According to the principles of green engineering, solvents should be biodegradable, non-toxic, and have a high absorption capacity. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) possess such characteristics. In the literature, due to the very large number of DES combinations, conductor-like screening models for real solvents (COSMO-RS), based on the comparison of siloxane activity coefficient of 90 DESs of various types, were studied. DESs, which have the highest affinity to siloxanes, were synthesized. The most important physicochemical properties of DESs were carefully studied. In order to explain of the mechanism of DES formation, and the interaction between DES and siloxanes, the theoretical studies based on σ-profiles, and experimental studies including the 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectra, were applied. The obtained results indicated that the new DESs, which were composed of carvone and carboxylic acids, were characterized by the highest affinity to siloxanes. It was shown that the hydrogen bonds between the active ketone group (=O) and the carboxyl group (-COOH) determined the formation of stable DESs with a melting point much lower than those of the individual components. On the other hand, non-bonded interactions mainly determined the effective capture of siloxanes with DES.

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“…Therefore, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a good alternative to ILs because they are much cheaper, less toxic, and more biodegradable [ 23 ]. These advantageous properties have made DESs widely used in various separation processes such as extraction [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], absorption [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], or adsorption [ 34 ]. So far, DES has not been used for the experimental removal of siloxanes from biogas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Siloxanes from Model Biogas by Means of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Absorption Process

2021

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The paper presents the screening of 20 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and glycols in various molar ratios, and 6 conventional solvents as absorbents for removal of siloxanes from model biogas stream. The screening was achieved using the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) based on the comparison of siloxane solubility in DESs. For the DES which was characterized by the highest solubility of siloxanes, studies of physicochemical properties, i.e., viscosity, density, and melting point, were performed. DES composed of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and tetraethylene glycol (TEG) in a 1:3 molar ratio was used as an absorbent in experimental studies in which several parameters were optimized, i.e., the temperature, absorbent volume, and model biogas flow rate. The mechanism of siloxanes removal was evaluated by means of an experimental FT-IR analysis as well as by theoretical studies based on σ-profile and σ-potential. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that TPABr:TEG (1:3) is a very effective absorption solvent for the removal of siloxanes from model biogas, and the main driving force of the absorption process is the formation of the hydrogen bonds between DES and siloxanes.

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Silica Gel Impregnated by Deep Eutectic Solvents for Adsorptive Removal of BTEX from Gas Streams

Cited by 25 publications

References 50 publications

The effect of silica modified by deep eutectic solvents on the properties of nature rubber/silica composites

The effect of silica modified by deep eutectic solvents on the properties of nature rubber/silica composites

New Carvone-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Siloxanes Capture from Biogas

Removal of Siloxanes from Model Biogas by Means of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Absorption Process

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