Silica Gel‐Immobilized 5‐aminoisophthalohydrazide: A novel sorbent for solid phase extraction of Cu, Zn and Pb from natural water samples

Abstract

A novel silica sorbent, silica gel‐immobilized 5‐aminoisophthalohydrazide (SiO2‐APH), was prepared by the condensation of 3‐chloropropyl‐functionalized silica gel with 5‐aminoisophthalohydrazide (APH) derived from dimethyl 5‐aminoisophthalate as a starting material and used for separation and preconcentration of Cu, Zn, and Pb metals in water samples using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The characterization of the new sorbent was carried out by Elemental Analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Important analytical parameters including as pH, amount of sorbent, type and amount of eluting solvent, sample volume, vortex and ultrasonic bath time, matrix ions that effect the developed SiO2‐APH‐solid phase extraction (SPE) method were investigated and optimum parameters were detected. Recoveries of examined metals were obtained as 98% for Cu and Pb and 101% for Zn. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 8) of Cu, Zn and Pb metals were 3.2, 2.8 and 1.6%, respectively. Limit of detections (LODs) (n = 10) were found as 2.7 μg L−1 for Cu, 7.4 μg L−1 for Zn and 3.5 μg L−1 for Pb μg L−1. The accuracy of the new method was assessed by analyzing of TMDA‐51.4 and TMDA‐70.2 certified reference materials. The results obtained for metals were in a good agreement with certified values. Addition/recovery test was applied to the real well, river, dam and stream water samples to check the accuracy of the method. The results showed that the developed SiO2‐APH‐SPE method can be effectively used as an alternative method for determination of Cu, Zn, and Pb metals in water samples.

Hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid-modified silica sorbent for selective separation and preconcentration of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cr3+ in water samples

“…24,25 Immobilization of organic compounds with specic functional groups on the surface of silica gel has found widespread application in research and industrial domains. [25][26][27][28] While organic compound-modied silica gel for chromatography was popularly used, solgel silicates were studied and used as efficient adsorbent materials for the removal of these pollutants from water. 29,30 Ionic liquids (ILs) are composed entirely of cations and anions that melt below 100 °C.…”

Ionic liquid-immobilized silica gel as a new sorbent for solid-phase extraction of heavy metal ions in water samples

“…13 SPE can be applied for a broader range of practical design situations than LLE because of the wide variety of sorbent chemistries, fast and automatic procedures. 14 Novel materials with various surface chemistries have been prepared, including modied silica, [15][16][17] graphene oxide, 6,18,19 imprinted polymers, 20,21 magnetic nanoparticles, 22 carbon nanotubes, [23][24][25] polymer, 26,27 and metal-organic framework [28][29][30] which applied as effective sorbents for the extraction of heavy metals.…”

Magnetite nanoparticles grafted with murexide-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers for removal of lead (II) from aqueous solution: synthesis, characterization, adsorption and antimicrobial activity studies

“…The effects of lead poisoning change depending on the amount of exposure and the age of the individual. Lead poisoning is excreted in feces and urine from human body, but it may also become visible in nails, hair, breast milk, and saliva [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Due to the toxic efficacies of lead on human body, it should be taken out from industrial wastewater [ 11 ].…”