Silica Chloride Nano Particle Catalyzed Ring Opening of Epoxides by Aromatic Amines

Abstract

Silica chloride nano particle (nano SiO 2 -Cl), has been found to be heterogeneous catalyst for facile, simple and mild ring opening of epoxides with aromatic amines to afford β-amino alcohols in dry CH 2 Cl 2 at room temperature.

An environmentally friendly approach to the green synthesis of azo dyes in the presence of magnetic solid acid catalysts

“…As the diameter of the particle decreases to the nanometer scale, external surface area becomes available for chemical transformations. [11][12][13] Among these, solid acid systems and magnetically recyclable catalysts are unique due to their inherent properties such as biocompatibility, thermal stability against degradation, easy renewability and recovery by magnetic separation, higher catalytic activity due to the higher loading of active sites and large surface area. [14][15][16] Moreover, various solid acids have been used for the preparation of azo dyes compounds.…”

Microwave-Enhanced Catalyst-Free Aminolysis of Epoxides with Anilines in Aqueous Phase: Efficient Synthesis of β-amino Secondary Alcohols

“…This selectivity was observed even for styrene oxide (Table 2, entries 11-17), unlike most previously reports. 5,[9][10][11][13][14][15][16] In comparison with electron-withdrawing groups, electron-donating groups attached to the aromatic ring of amines gave higher yields in the ring-opening of epichlorohydrin to form β-amino alcohols (Table 2, entries 1-10). Styrene oxide showed the same pattern under these conditions (Table 2, entries 11-17).…”

“…Silica chloride nanoparticles have also been described as catalysts for this reaction. 11 Tertiary amines, such as DABCO and triethylamine are highly efficient catalysts in the ring-opening reactions of epoxides with amines in water under mild conditions. 12 The zinc (II) perchlorate hexahydrate catalysed opening of epoxide ring by amines, introduced by Chakraborti et al under solvent-free conditions, 13 showed excellent chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities.…”

Water Chestnut Peel Facilitated Biogenic Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Catalytic Efficacy in the Ring Opening Reaction of Styrene Oxide

“…Regioselective ring opening reaction of epoxides with the nucleophiles, such as derivatives of amine and alcohol perform a vital role in the synthesis of various biologically and pharmaceutically active synthetic and natural products, chiral auxiliaries and unnatural amino acids [34,35] . Many heterogeneous catalysts such as Fe 3 O 4 NPs, [36] Nano SiO 2 −Cl [37] and silica NPs [38] sulfated tungstate [39] have been used in the past for catalysing the ring opening reactions as they have major drawbacks due to lack of appreciable regioselectivity, requirement of high catalyst amount, low yields, high temperature, and use of toxic organic solvent. To address these issues, the newly biosynthesized ZnO NPs were utilized as a potential heterogeneous catalyst for the regioselective ring opening reaction of styrene oxide with amines which gives rise to β‐substituted amino alcohols in the presence of water as a green solvent at 50 °C.…”