Silica aerogel and boric acid against cockroaches: External and internal action

Ebeling, Walter; Reierson, Donald A.; Pence, Roy J.; Viray, Manuel S.

doi:10.1016/0048-3575(75)90047-4

“…Various hypotheses have been proposed for the boric acid action, including the abrasive effect on the cuticle followed by slow drying (Ebelin et al 1975) or degeneration of the foregut epithelium as observed in nymph German cockroaches (Cochran 1995). Recently, Habes et al (2006) revealed biochemical evidence of a neurotoxic action of boric acid on German cockroaches in addition to cell death in the midgut, probably leading to insect death from starvation also described in the Argentinean ant midgut treated with boric acid (Klotz et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Morphological alterations induced by boric acid and fipronil in the midgut of worker honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae

Cruz

¹

,

Silva-Zacarín

²

,

Bueno

³

et al. 2009

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Morphological alterations, by means of histological and ultrastructural analysis, have been used to determine the effects of boric acid and fipronil on midgut tissues of honeybee worker, Apis mellifera L. larvae. In order to observe possible morphological alterations in the midgut, two groups of bioassays were performed. In the first one, the larvae were chronically treated with different concentrations of boric acid added to the food (1.0, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/g). In the second group, the larvae were fed with diets containing different concentrations of fipronil (0.1 and 1 microg/g) and compared with control groups without these chemical compounds. In the first bioassay, the larvae were collected on day 3 and in the second bioassay on day 4, when the mortality rate obtained in the toxicological bioassay was not very high. The larval midguts were removed and processed for morphological analyses using a light and transmission electron microscopy. We observed cytoplasmic vacuolizations, with the absence of autophagic vacuoles, and chromatinic compacting in most of the cells in the groups treated with pesticides. The morphological alterations were far greater in the larvae treated with boric acid than in the larvae treated with fipronil. Our data suggest that the midgut cell death observed was in response to boric acid and fipronil action. This study significantly improves the understanding of the toxicological effect of these insecticides from the ecotoxicological perspective.

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“…SiO 2 aerogels are suitable as ecologically acceptable insecticides against pests in grain and seeds, or those on the ground, such as mites, ticks, cockroaches, and silverfish [288][289][290][291]. As a chemically inert dust with small particles and a high specific surface area, aerogels can remove the protecting lipid layer of insects by abrasion or adsorption.…”

Section: Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerogels

Hüsing

¹

,

Schubert

²

2006

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis 2.1. Network Formation and Structure 2.1.1. Inorganic Aerogels 2.1.1.1. SiO 2 Aerogels 2.1.1.2. Metal Oxide Aerogels 2.1.2. Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Aerogels 2.1.3. Organic Aerogels 2.2. Drying Methods 2.2.1. Supercritical Drying 2.2.1.1. Drying in Organic Solvents 2.2.1.2. Supercritical Drying with CO 2 2.2.2. Freeze Drying 2.2.3. Ambient Pressure Drying 2.3. Modification of Aerogels after Drying 3. Properties 3.1. Structural Properties 3.2. Physical and Chemical Properties 3.2.1. Optical Properties 3.2.2. Mechanical and Acoustic Properties 3.2.3. Thermal Conductivity 3.2.4. Hydrophobicity 4. Applications 4.1. Çerenkov Detectors 4.2. Thermal Insulation 4.3. Catalysis 4.4. Application as Storage Media 4.5. Electrical and Electronic Applications 4.6. Acoustic and Mechanical Applications 4.7. Optical Applications 4.8. Other Applications 5. Future Perspectives Aerogels are unique among solid materials. They have extremely low densities (up to 95 % of their volume is air), large open pores, and a high inner surface area. This combination of properties results in interesting physical properties, e.g., for silica aerogels extremely low thermal conductivities and low sound velocities are combined with optical transparency. Aerogels are typically prepared via wet chemical processes, such as sol – gel processing, and thus their pore system is initially filled with liquid. Only special drying techniques allow for exchange of the pore liquid against air while maintaining the filigrane solid framework. The most common drying technique is supercritical extraction, and sometimes chemical modification of the inner surface can be used to facilitate drying. The structure of the gel network, and thus the physical properties of aerogels, decisively depends on the choice of the precursors and the chemical reaction parameters for preparing the gels. Therefore, the later materials properties can be deliberately designed in the starting reaction solution.

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“…Also, their secretions act as a main allergen to allergic diseases like asthma and atopic skin after frequent exposure (Weber 1984; Ramirez 1989; Brenner 1995; Rozendaal 1997). As cockroaches are fast and prolific and they live everywhere in buildings, to effectively control them, use of insecticides has been essential (WHO 1972; Ebeling et al. 1975; Atkinson et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, their secretions act as a main allergen to allergic diseases like asthma and atopic skin after frequent exposure (Weber 1984;Ramirez 1989;Brenner 1995;Rozendaal 1997). As cockroaches are fast and prolific and they live everywhere in buildings, to effectively control them, use of insecticides has been essential (WHO 1972;Ebeling et al 1975;Atkinson et al 1991;Koehler et al 1996;Lee 1997). However, insecticide resistance by frequent and long use had not been a major obstacle to effective German cockroach control until 1951, after the advent of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (Cochran 1995;Valles et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide susceptibility and resistance ofBlattella germanica(Blattaria: Blattellidae) in Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2007

Chang

¹

,

Jung

²

,

Park

³

et al. 2009

Entomological Research

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The susceptibility of Blattella germanica (L.) in the Republic of Korea (ROK) to insecticides was evaluated under laboratory conditions using 12 insecticides currently used by the local public health centers and/or pest control operators in the ROK. The insecticides included seven pyrethroids and five organophosphates. Based on their LD50 values, the order of susceptibility of B. germanica adults to the insecticides was chlorpyrifos‐methyl, profenofos and chlorpyrifos with values of 0.07, 0.29 and 0.88 µg/♀, respectively. The least susceptibility was obtained with tetramethrin at LD50 of 7.39 µg/♀. In the comparative resistance test, the resistance ratios (RR) of 12 insecticides were compared to each other using field‐collected B. germanica adults in Seoul between 1993 and 2007. Blattella germanica demonstrated higher RRs to pyrethroids such as λ‐cyhalothrin, and low RRs among the organophosphates. Among the pyrethroids, λ‐cyhalothrin had the highest RRs of 111‐ and 129‐fold differences at LD50 and LD90 values, respectively. Among the organophosphates, profenofos was observed to have the highest RRs of 4‐ and 15‐fold differences at LD50 and LD90 values, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in susceptibility to tetramethrin, chlorpyrifos and fenitrothion. Blattella germanica was more susceptible to pyridafenthion showing a 0.7‐fold difference in a resistance ratio (RRLD50= LD50 value of 2007/LD50 value of 1993). Resistance ratio of tetramethrin was low, but susceptibility was also not high.

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Silica aerogel and boric acid against cockroaches: External and internal action

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Morphological alterations induced by boric acid and fipronil in the midgut of worker honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae

Morphological alterations induced by boric acid and fipronil in the midgut of worker honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae

Aerogels

Insecticide susceptibility and resistance ofBlattella germanica(Blattaria: Blattellidae) in Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2007

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