Silibinin: a toxicologist’s herbal medicine?

Horowitz, Bernard

doi:10.1080/15563650.2022.2128815

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Aschufusi et al described recent studies using varying doses of silymarin in the management of acute and chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with improvements in insulin resistance and lowering fasting insulin levels. It has also been reported for use in treatment of liver injury induced by Amanita mushroom toxicity [98,99]. However, specific use of silymarin to treat HILI has not appeared to our knowledge.…”

Section: Silymarin (Milk Thistle)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal- and Dietary-Supplement-Induced Liver Injury: A Review of the Recent Literature

Patel-Rodrigues,

Cundra,

Alhaqqan

et al. 2024

Livers

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Herbal-induced liver injury (HILI) continues to increase in prevalence each year due to the ongoing popularity of herbal supplements and complementary and alternative medicines. A detailed literature review of case reports and clinical studies published from March 2021 to March 2023 was performed. We discuss the epidemiology and diagnosis of HILI as well as the current and proposed laws and regulations. The 2021 ACG guidelines and 2022 AASLD practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of drug and herbal-induced liver injury are discussed. We describe updates to previously reported etiologies of HILI such as ayurveda, ashwagandha, turmeric, kratom, green tea extract, and garcinia cambogia. Newly described supplements resulting in HILI, such as tinospora cordifolia, horse chestnut, alkaline water, and more, are described. We discuss newly and previously identified hepatoprotective herbal supplements as they have been reported in the study of animal models and human liver cells. This review suggests the need for ongoing research on the causes and mechanisms of HILI to ensure its proper diagnosis, prevention, and treatment in the future. The goal of this review is to provide novice and expert readers with knowledge regarding the possible etiologies of HILI and a general overview.

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Section: Silymarin (Milk Thistle)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal- and Dietary-Supplement-Induced Liver Injury: A Review of the Recent Literature

Patel-Rodrigues,

Cundra,

Alhaqqan

et al. 2024

Livers

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“…Among these, silybin is a natural compound known for its potent antioxidant activity and acts as one of the most effective agents in the clinical treatment of ALD with favorable tolerability. However, the limited solubility of silybin hampers its intestinal absorption efficiency and oral bioavailability, resulting in a series of side effects including gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, and pruritus ( Bijak, 2017 ; Federico et al, 2017 ; Soleimani et al, 2019 ; Horowitz, 2022 ). Therefore, development of safer and more effective strategies to prevent and treat ALD holds critical importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water decoction of Pericarpium citri reticulatae and Amomi fructus ameliorates alcohol-induced liver disease involved in the modulation of gut microbiota and TLR4/NF-κB pathway

Zhang,

Huang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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IntroductionAlcohol consumption alters the diversity and metabolic activities of gut microbiota, leading to intestinal barrier dysfunction and contributing to the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is the most prevalent cause of advanced liver diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and action mechanism of an aqueous extraction of Pericarpium citri reticulatae and Amomi fructus (PFE) on alcoholic liver injury.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were used to establish the mouse model of alcoholic liver injury and orally administered 500 and 1,000 mg/kg/d of PFE for 2 weeks. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing were used to analyze the mechanism of action of PFE in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver injury.ResultsTreatment with PFE significantly improved alcohol-induced liver injury, as illustrated by the normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in ALD mice in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of PFE not only maintained the intestinal barrier integrity prominently by upregulating mucous production and tight junction protein expressions but also sensibly reversed the dysregulation of intestinal microecology in alcohol-treated mice. Furthermore, PFE treatment significantly reduced hepatic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and attenuated oxidative stress as well as inflammation related to the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. The PFE supplementation also significantly promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the ALD mice.ConclusionAdministration of PFE effectively prevents alcohol-induced liver injury and may also regulate the LPS-involved gut–liver axis; this could provide valuable insights for the development of drugs to prevent and treat ALD.

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