Silent Substitution Stimulation of S-cone Pathway and L- and M-cone Pathway in Glaucoma

Bessler, Patrick; Klee, Sascha; Kellner, Ulrich; Haueisen, Jens

doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3467

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…As mentioned above, this study teased out rod-and medium-to long-wavelength cone subtypespecific contributions to the mouse flicker ERG under identical adaptation conditions. Compared with mice, spectral isolation of individual photoreceptor types in the human retina has received more attention (Bessler et al 2010;Brainard et al 2000;Cao et al 2011;Challa et al 2010;Kremers et al 2000Kremers et al , 2009Kremers and Link 2008;Kremers and Scholl 2001), which has allowed more detailed investigations. Even so, few have examined rod-only contributions to the flicker ERG (Cao et al 2011;Kremers and Pangeni 2012), because its isolation from S-cones with reasonable strength is difficult [i.e., max of S-cone ϳ 435 nm vs. rod ϳ 495 nm (Kraft et al 1993;Stockman and Sharpe 2000)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, the method is commonly used in human electrophysiology and psychophysics (Bessler et al 2010;Kremers et al 1999Kremers et al , 2003Shapiro et al 1996;Usui et al 1998aUsui et al , 1998bZele et al 2006). This method has several advantages relative to the selective adaptation method, because the isolation of different photoreceptor types can be achieved without changing the state of adaptation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rod- and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment

Tsai

Atorf

Neitz

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Tsai TI, Atorf J, Neitz M, Neitz J, Kremers J. Rod-and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment. J Neurophysiol 114: 2230 -2241, 2015. First published August 5, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00188.2015.-The mouse is commonly used for studying retinal processing, primarily because it is amenable to genetic manipulation. To accurately study photoreceptor driven signals in the healthy and diseased retina, it is of great importance to isolate the responses of single photoreceptor types. This is not easily achieved in mice because of the strong overlap of rod and M-cone absorption spectra (i.e., maxima at 498 and 508 nm, respectively). With a newly developed mouse model (Opn1lw LIAIS ) expressing a variant of the human L-cone pigment (561 nm) instead of the mouse M-opsin, the absorption spectra are substantially separated, allowing retinal physiology to be studied using silent substitution stimuli. Unlike conventional chromatic isolation methods, this spectral compensation approach can isolate single photoreceptor subtypes without changing the retinal adaptation. We measured flicker electroretinograms in these mutants under ketamine-xylazine sedation with double silent substitution (silent S-cone and either rod or M/L-cones) and obtained robust responses for both rods and (L-)cones. Small signals were yielded in wild-type mice, whereas heterozygotes exhibited responses that were generally intermediate to both. Fundamental response amplitudes and phase behaviors (as a function of temporal frequency) in all genotypes were largely similar. Surprisingly, isolated (L-)cone and rod response properties in the mutant strain were alike. Thus the LIAIS mouse warrants a more comprehensive in vivo assessment of photoreceptor subtype-specific physiology, because it overcomes the hindrance of overlapping spectral sensitivities present in the normal mouse. keywords electrophysiology; mouse; photoreceptors; silent substitution IN RECENT YEARS, THE MOUSE has been the mainstay model for studying the physiology of the retina and retinal diseases. In vivo studies of retinal electrophysiology can be achieved by electroretinography (ERG). This method is noninvasive and enables repeated measurements from the same animal. Recent developments in ERG recordings in humans have shown that ERGs not have only a clinical value but also may give information on information processing in major retinogeniculate pathways with relevance for basic visual neuroscience (Kremers and Link 2008;Kremers et al. 2010;Parry et al. 2012). This relevance was recently confirmed for the mouse (Allen et al. 2014). To be able to study retinal signal processing and its disease-related changes, it is of great importance to isolate the responses of single photoreceptor types and record the signals that each elicits downstream. Also, in other studies of the retinal physiology, isolation of photoreceptor responses may lead to a better understanding of the information processing in the retina and for associated visual functions (Brown et al. 2010(Brown et al. , 2...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Rod- and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment

Tsai

Atorf

Neitz

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…44 These complex changes in latency with disease progression suggests the involvement of multiple processes and may be linked to proposals of the loss of different RGC and other neuron types at different stages of glaucoma. 25,[45][46][47][48][49][50] For example, one could imagine a decrease in latency caused by early damage to a slower pathway countering a gradual increase in latencies caused by slowly accumulating damage to a faster pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminance and colour variant pupil perimetry in glaucoma

Carle

James

Kolic

et al. 2014

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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“…Scale bar: 1 mm. (Bayer et al, 2001;Calkins, 2012); (ii) in monkey OHT models analyzed with anatomical techniques (Nork, 2000;Nork et al, 2000) or with functional techniques (Liu et al, 2014;Nork et al, 2014); and (iii) in human GONs analyzed with functional (Barboni et al, 2011;Bessler et al, 2010;Drasdo et al, 2001;Holopigian et al, 1990;Kanis et al, 2010;Niwa et al, 2014;Velten et al, 2001;Werner et al, 2011) or anatomical Kanis et al, 2010;Lei et al, 2008Lei et al, , 2011Nork, 2000;Nork et al, 2000;Panda and Jonas, 1992;Werner et al, 2011) techniques. The above reviewed results appear to be in contrast with previous studies that have not found cone photoreceptor loss in OHT monkey (Wygnanski et al, 1995) or human (Kendell et al, 1995) retinas.…”

Section: Oht Affects the Orlsmentioning

confidence: 99%