Silent networking for energy-constrained nodes

Zhang, Tao; Gurung, Provin; Berg, Eric van den; Madhani, S.; Muttreja, A.

doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2006.01.038

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The reduction of power consumption by MANETs has been studied widely. Existing powersaving MAC protocols can be classified into two categories-synchronous wake up approaches [4][5][6][7][8] and asynchronous wake up approaches [10][11][12][13][14][15]. In synchronous wake up approaches, all nodes must execute a clock synchronization mechanism [4,[16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Power-saving Mac Protocol For Multi-hop Manets 35mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various power-saving protocols for IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network have recently been proposed. This section briefly reviews several power-saving protocols [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and discusses some of the problems associated with MANETs, as the synchronous power-saving approaches, which require an effective time synchronization mechanism, is considered. Section 2.2 also reviews numerous time synchronization mechanisms [4,[16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The awaking ratio of p-MANET is 0.33 (1/3) P (5) The awaking ratio of p-MANET is 0.2 (1/5) P (7) The awaking ratio of p-MANET is 0.14 (1/7) P (9) The awaking ratio of p-MANET is 0.11 (1/9) the beacon interval, regardless of whether the network is a sparse or dense. As the beacon interval increases, the number of beacons to be sent declines.…”

Section: Impact Of Beacon Interval Length and Node Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel efficient power‐saving MAC protocol for multi‐hop MANETs

Hwang

Wang

et al. 2011

Int J Communication

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SUMMARY Following recent advances in the performance of ad hoc networks, the limited life of batteries in mobile devices poses a bottleneck in their development. Consequently, how to minimize power consumption in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of ad hoc networks is an essential issue. The power‐saving mode (PSM) of IEEE 802.11 involves the Timing Synchronization Function to reduce power consumption for single‐hop mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). However, the IEEE 802.11 PSM is known to result in unnecessary energy consumption as well as the problems of overheating and back‐off time delay. Hence, this study presents an efficient power‐saving MAC protocol, called p‐MANET, based on a Multi‐hop Time Synchronization Protocol, which involves a hibernation mechanism, a beacon inhibition mechanism, and a low‐latency next‐hop selection mechanism for general‐purpose multi‐hop MANETs. The main purposes of the p‐MANET protocol are to reduce significantly the power consumption and the transmission latency. In the hibernation mechanism, each p‐MANET node needs only to wake up during one out of every N beacon interval, where N is the number of beacon intervals in a cycle. Thus, efficient power consumption is achieved. Furthermore, a beacon inhibition mechanism is proposed to prevent the beacon storm problem that is caused by synchronization and neighbor discovery messages. Finally, the low‐latency next‐hop selection mechanism is designed to yield low transmission latency. Each p‐MANET node is aware of the active beacon intervals of its neighbors by using a hash function, such that it can easily forward packets to a neighbor in active mode or with the least remaining time to wake up. As a consequence, upper‐layer routing protocols can cooperate with p‐MANET to select the next‐hop neighbor with the best forwarding delay. To verify the proposed design and demonstrate the favorable performance of the proposed p‐MANET, we present the theoretical analysis related to p‐MANET and also perform experimental simulations. The numerical results show that p‐MANET reduces power consumption and routing latency and performs well in extending lifetime with a small neighbor discovery time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Power-saving Mac Protocol For Multi-hop Manets 35mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Beacon Interval Length and Node Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel efficient power‐saving MAC protocol for multi‐hop MANETs

Hwang

Wang

et al. 2011

Int J Communication

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“…In [8,23], the authors proposed that stations synchronize their wakeup schedules with each other such that a station can deliver buffered frames at right times. In [6], they proposed an approach allowing stations to power down their wireless interfaces if they do not expect to receive, originate or relay any traffic. Their approach predicts traffic patterns at each station by monitoring incoming and outgoing traffic through stations interfaces.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various techniques, in hardware and software, have been proposed to ensure energy conservation (we use interchangeably the word energy or power) for mobile nodes in WLANs [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. Power management in Ad-Hoc networks is a rather hard task because of two main reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic Aware Power Saving Protocol in Multi-hop Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Belghith¹,

Akkari²,

Bonnin

2007

JNW

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This paper presents an optimization of PSM to improve its energy conservation. According to PSM, time is divided into beacon intervals. At the beginning of each beacon interval, all stations must be awake during a specific period called ATIM window to be able to send and receive synchronization messages and announcements of buffered data frames. PSM specifies that a station having sent or received an announcement or having sent a beacon must remain awake during the entire beacon interval. This may lead to wasting energy specially at light traffic loads where stations should conserve the most. We propose an enhancement called the Traffic Aware Power Saving Mode (TA-PSM) to solve this problem by allowing nodes to enter the doze state when they are no more involved in data delivery even if they have already sent a beacon, an ATIM or an ATIM-ACK. Our objective is to reduce the energy consumption without any throttling to throughput. Extensive simulations based on fixed and dynamic topologies showed that TA-PSM provides a much better energy conservation and a lower power consumption per delivered data frame.

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Enhancing Power Saving Mechanisms for Ad hoc Networks

Akkari

Belghith

Wireless and Mobile Networking

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According to PSM, each station must announce traffic before its transmission. PSM requires for this purpose a rather large handshaking period to complete the required announcements. This functional behavior puts a heavy constraint on the size of the announcement period and consequently on throughput, delay and more importantly on power consumption. This paper proposes an optimization of some functional properties of PSM in order to improve its performances. Our proposed UTA-PSM (Unicast Topology Aware Power Saving Mechanism) aims to reduce the number of exchanged announcement frames in order to reduce the announcement period. Conducted simulations show that UTA-PSM outperforms superbly PSM and power saving mechanisms such as the DCS-ATIM that dynamically adjusts the handshaking period according to the traffic load. We show that UTA-PSM delivers more throughput with a smaller average delay yet yielding a much better power saving and robustness.

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Silent networking for energy-constrained nodes

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

A novel efficient power‐saving MAC protocol for multi‐hop MANETs

A novel efficient power‐saving MAC protocol for multi‐hop MANETs

Traffic Aware Power Saving Protocol in Multi-hop Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Enhancing Power Saving Mechanisms for Ad hoc Networks

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