Silent genes in the mouse major urinary protein gene family.

Shi, Yun‐Bo; Son, Hyeung Jin; Shahan, K; Rodríguez, Marianela; Costantini, Frank; Derman, E

doi:10.1073/pnas.86.12.4584

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1989

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.12.4584

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Silent genes in the mouse major urinary protein gene family.

Yun‐Bo Shi¹,

Hyeung Jin Son²,

K Shahan³

et al.

Abstract: To date, two classes of mouse major urinary protein (MUP)-encoding genes have been described, the expressed genes and the intervening-sequence-containing pseudogenes. The data presented in this paper define a third class, the silent Mup genes, which are potentially functional but appear not to be expressed under normal circumstances. We describe a MUP subfamily (Mup-1.5) containing two genes, Mup-i.Sa and Mup-1.5b, that are nearly identical, differing at only three positions (>99.9% identity) over the entire 4- Show more

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Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…MUP I, MUP II, MUP III, p1057, and pMUP11 are synthesized predominantly in the liver, MUP IV is synthesized in the lachrymal gland, MUP V is synthesized in the submaxillary gland, and MUP VI is synthesized in the parotid gland. We have recently suggested that the nonexpressed genes include, in addition to pseudogenes, silent genes, i.e., genes that are potentially active but are rendered nonfunctional through long-range position effects (16). In this report, we present data that support this hypothesis.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…0.6 kb of 5' flanking and 0.3 kb of 3' flanking sequences, the Mup-1. 5a and the Mup-1.Sb genes are identical (16). The two genes exhibit identical restriction patterns, indicating that the similarity between them extends over more than 20 kb into both 5' and 3' flanking sequences (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…5a and the Mup-1.Sb genes are identical (16). The two genes exhibit identical restriction patterns, indicating that the similarity between them extends over more than 20 kb into both 5' and 3' flanking sequences (16). However, despite their virtual identity, the Mup-1.Sa and the Mup-1.Sb genes are differentially expressed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, despite their virtual identity, the Mup-1.Sa and the Mup-1.Sb genes are differentially expressed. Using specific oligonucleotides that encompass the A-C substitution in the 3' untranslated region, we have shown that the Mup-1.5a gene is expressed at a high level, predominantly in the submaxillary gland, while the Mup-1.Sb gene is not expressed (16 We have shown earlier that both genes, the active Mup- 1. 5a and the silent Mup-1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the BALB/cByJ strain, the gene encoding the MUP V mRNA is a member of a subfamily of two highly homologous genes, Mup-1.Sa and Mup-1.5b (15,16). The Mup-1.Sa and Mup-1.Sb genes are nearly identical throughout their entire 4-kb transcription units.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silent and expressed sister Mup genes are located within distinct chromatin domains: analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction-supplemented DNase I digestion.

Rodriguez¹,

Derman²

1992

Mol. Cell. Biol.

Self Cite

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We have recently described a subfamily of two genes, Mup-1.5a and Mup-1.5b, which exist as a nonallelic pair in most inbred strains of mice. The Mup-1.5a and Mup-1.5b genes are more than 99.91% homologous, yet they are differentially expressed. While the Mup-1.5a gene is expressed at a high level in the submaxillary gland, the Mup-1.5b gene does not appear to be expressed either in this or in any other tissue. The Mup-1.5b gene can, however, be expressed as a transgene with the tissue specificity of its sister gene, Mup-1.5a. We have shown before that both the Mup-1.5a and Mup-1.Sb genes are located on chromosome 4, closely linked to the Mup-) locus. In this report, we demonstrate the two genes are located within distinct chromosomal domains, separated by at least 150 to 200 kb of DNA. Using a novel method, detailed in this report, we show that in the submaxillary gland, the Mup-1.5a gene is five-to sixfold more susceptible to DNase I digestion than is the Mup-1.5b gene. This finding suggests that the inactivity of the Mup-1.Sb gene is brought about by long range-acting mechanisms that establish a chromatin structure in the vicinity of this gene incompatible with transcription.

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supporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silent and expressed sister Mup genes are located within distinct chromatin domains: analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction-supplemented DNase I digestion.

Rodriguez¹,

Derman²

1992

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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Dictyostelium discoideum gene family contains a long internal amino acid repeat

et al. 1991

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Two different cDNA clones denoted pTO270-6 and pTO270-11 represent two mRNAs that are developmentally regulated during spore germination in Dictyostelium discoideum. The respective mRNAs are found only during early germination and are not present in other stages of growth or multicellular development. Four different genomic clones that hybridize to sequences that are common to both of the 270 cDNA clones were isolated from Dictyostelium libraries and sequenced. Two are the genes for the two cDNAs, and the other two represent genes that do not seem to be transcribed. All four genomic sequences possess a very unusual internal feature in the deduced protein sequences composed of a monotonous repeat of the tetrapeptide threonine-glutamic acid-threonine-proline. The other portions of the proteins have no homology among themselves. The deduced protein corresponding to the 270-6 gene is very similar to avocado (Persea americana) cellulase. Since cellulose in the spore wall has to be digested during spore germination this suggests that this protein may function as an endo-(1,4)-beta-D-glucanase during germination.

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Characterization of the mouse Tdgf1 gene and Tdgf pseudogenes

et al. 1996

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Cripto protein is a member of the "EGF family" of growth factors present in colon tumors and in human and mouse undifferentiated teratocarcinoma cells. During gastrulation in the mouse, cripto-encoding transcripts are expressed in the forming mesoderm and later in the truncus arteriosus of the developing heart. As a necessary step prior to investigating the in vivo role of cripto through gene disruption, we have isolated all the genomic cripto-related sequences in the mouse. One gene (Tdgf1) and two pseudogenes (Tdgf2 and Tdgf3) have been isolated and characterized. The mouse Tdgf1 (coding for cripto), like the human gene, is divided into six exons. Comparison of the human and mouse genomic sequences reveals that mouse exons 1 and 3 are shorter than the corresponding human exons. The pseudogene Tdgf2 corresponds to about 1 kb of the mRNA and contains five base substitutions in the coding region that represent both silent and replacement substitutions. The pseudogene Tdgf3 corresponds only to the coding portion of Tdgf. Many mutations have been introduced in this pseudogene, suggesting its early origin. Alignments of the Tdgf3, human and mouse mRNA sequences, shows that this pseudogene has retained the 33 nucleotides of the human exon 3 that are missed in the Tdgf1 gene. Taken together, these data suggest that Tdgf3 is derived from an ancestral gene and that the human and mouse genes are probably evolving separately.

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Silent genes in the mouse major urinary protein gene family.

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Silent and expressed sister Mup genes are located within distinct chromatin domains: analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction-supplemented DNase I digestion.

Silent and expressed sister Mup genes are located within distinct chromatin domains: analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction-supplemented DNase I digestion.

Dictyostelium discoideum gene family contains a long internal amino acid repeat

Characterization of the mouse Tdgf1 gene and Tdgf pseudogenes

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