Silent Bias: Challenges, Obstacles, and Strategies for Leadership Development in Academic Medicine—Lessons From Oral Histories of Women Professors at the University of Kansas

Pingleton, Susan K.; Jones, Emily; Rosolowski, Tacey A.; Zimmerman, Mary K.

doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000001125

Cited by 49 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the workplace, women were twice as likely as men to attribute discrimination to gender. This is consistent with previous research 7 , 9 , 15 , 17 , 22 that has found that women physicians experience gender discrimination in the workplace. This is especially troubling given that gender discrimination predicts burnout among women physicians, 15 which in turn can lead to women physicians leaving the workforce.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It is fostered by employees' bias, 2 decisions to reinforce gendered norms even when they are counterproductive, 3 , 4 and the interaction between gender stereotyping and institutional policies. 5 Sexual harassment and gender discrimination in medicine are not new either, as research shows, 6 , 7 and the #MeToo movement has given women physicians a new platform from which to share their experiences and call for change. 1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They report being ignored, treated as outcasts, and treated differently from colleagues who are men. 7 , 8 Women physicians earn less than peers who are men 9–11 and are not promoted to leadership roles at the same rates as physicians who are men. 10 , 12–14 Because personal lives are hard to separate from work lives, it is not surprising that physicians who are parents also experience workplace discrimination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Discrimination Among Academic Physicians

Chow

Millar

López

2020

Women's Health Reports

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Background: There is a growing body of literature showing that gender discrimination impacts physicians' work and life experiences. Impact on income, promotion, and parenthood has been documented. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the experiences of academic physicians who identify as women or gender nonconforming would be different from their counterparts who are men. This survey study explores the influences of gender on academic physicians' experiences with discrimination in life and at work. Materials and Methods: In the spring of 2017, academic physicians (n = 752) at a medical school in the West were invited to participate in a survey that measured experiences with discrimination using the Everyday Discrimination Scale and additional items. We used a mixed-methods approach to analyze the data, employing chi square and t-tests to analyze quantitative data and modified content analysis to code open-ended responses. Results: The response rate was 24% (180/752). There was no significant difference between women and men in reported frequency of discrimination in everyday life (p = 0.474). However, women were significantly more likely than men to select gender as a reason for being treated differently in everyday life (p = 0.000) and report discrimination in the workplace (p < 0.000). Open-ended responses describing experiences of discrimination differed based on gender: women were twice as likely than men to report receiving negative treatment owing to gender. Finally, men discussed having gender privilege, whereas women discussed experiencing gender discrimination. Conclusions: This study contributes to the growing body of literature about how gender influences the experience of practicing medicine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Discrimination Among Academic Physicians

Chow

Millar

López

2020

Women's Health Reports

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“…The women performed told identities that enumerated negative professional experiences associated with their gender identities. Similar to recent articles which describe how women are not afforded the same authority as men, 17,18 our findings also suggest that women physicians struggle with this bias. The racially/ethnically minoritized physicians also provided examples of facing discrimination, which corroborates previously reported experiences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A Conceptual Model for Understanding Academic Physicians’ Performances of Identity: Findings From the University of Utah

et al. 2018

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Professional identity formation is an ongoing process, and the negotiation of personal experiences is integral to this process. This negotiation may be more complex for physicians with minoritized identities. Implications for medical education include providing students, trainees, and practicing physicians with intentional opportunities for reflection and instruction on connecting personal experiences and professional practice.

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“…In another study, female professors at a medical school described gender-based discrimination (e.g., being ignored) as a significant challenge to their career development (Pingleton, Jones, Rosolowski, & Zimmerman, 2016). They reported coping with discrimination using techniques such as downplaying, keeping a distance, and using humor.…”

Section: Gender Differences and Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%