Sika Deer Carrying<i>Babesia</i>Parasites Closely Related to<i>B. divergens</i>, Japan

Zamoto-Niikura, Aya; Tsuji, Masayoshi; Imaoka, Koichi; Kimura, Masanobu; Morikawa, Shigeru; Holman, Patricia J.; Hirata, Haruyuki; Ishihara, Chiaki

doi:10.3201/eid2008.130061

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…We describe herein I. persulcatus in Japan carrying parasites of the B. divergens Asia lineage, which was recently identified from sika deer in this country (21). By using a specific PCR system established in this study ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…2 and Tables 1 and 2). This tick species is also distributed broadly over the eastern half of Japan, where sika deer carrying the lineage are frequently found (21), suggesting that I. persulcatus is the main vector for this parasite in this country. Rar et al (25) reported that I. persulcatus collected in the Novosibirsk region, Russia, also carried B. divergens (Nov-Ip316).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recently, we reported that sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Japan carried a Babesia parasite genetically closely related to but different from European (EU) B. divergens and Babesia sp. MO1 (in the United States [U.S.] lineage) (21). In phylogenetic analysis, these parasites assembled into a monophyletic clade (B. divergens/B.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Babesia divergens Asia Lineage Is Maintained through Enzootic Cycles between Ixodes persulcatus and Sika Deer in Hokkaido, Japan

Zamoto-Niikura

Tsuji

Wang

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Parasites of the Asia lineage, which are closely related to in Europe and sp. strain MO1 in the United States, were recently reported in sika deer () in eastern Japan. To identify the tick vector(s) for this parasite, we conducted a field survey in Hokkaido, Japan, where the infection rate in sika deer is the highest in the country. A specific PCR system which detects and discriminates between lineages within and between those lineages and showed that (11/822), but not sympatric (0/595) or sp. (0/163) ticks, carried Asia lineage. Genomic DNA was archived from salivary glands of partially engorged females and three isolates of Asia lineage were newly described. The 18S rRNA gene sequence of the isolates formed the Asia lineage cluster with those previously described in sika deer isolates. One salivary gland also contained parasites of U.S. lineage, which were subsequently isolated in a hamster (strain Etb5) was also detected in one tick. The 18S rRNA sequence of Etb5 was 99.7% identical to that of (AY046575) and was phylogenetically positioned in a taxon composed of isolates from Europe, China, and Russia. The geographical distribution of is consistent with that of in sika deer in Japan. These results suggest that is a principal vector for in Japan and Eurasia, where is predominantly distributed. The Asia lineage of parasites closely related to in Europe and sp. MO1 in the United States was recently reported in in eastern Japan. In this study, specific PCR for the Asia lineage identified 11 positives in 822 host-seeking ticks, a principal vector for many tick-borne disease agents. Gene sequences of three isolates obtained from DNA in salivary glands of female ticks were identical to each other and to those in We also demonstrate the coinfection of Asia lineage with U.S. lineage in a tick salivary gland and, furthermore, isolated the latter in a hamster. These results suggest that is the principal vector for as well as for , and both parasites may be occasionally cotransmitted by This report will be important for public health, since infection may occur through transfusion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Babesia divergens Asia Lineage Is Maintained through Enzootic Cycles between Ixodes persulcatus and Sika Deer in Hokkaido, Japan

Zamoto-Niikura

Tsuji

Wang

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Japan is unique in being the site of infection by various lineages of the B. microti group; US, Kobe, Hobetsu, B. microti –like (squirrel), and B. microti –like (macaque) strains have been isolated from humans, nonhuman primates, rodents, or ticks in this country . In addition to B. microti, B. divergens was detected in deer in Japan . In areas of Japan where tick‐borne diseases are endemic, people have been reported to be seropositive to the parasites of the Kobe or Hobetsu lineages .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,[19][20][21]24 In addition to B. microti, B. divergens was detected in deer in Japan. 31 In areas of Japan where tick-borne diseases are endemic, people have been reported to be seropositive to the parasites of the Kobe or Hobetsu lineages. 32 However, in humans, only one case of babesiosis was reported in Japan in 1999.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%