Sihler's staining technique: How to and guidance for botulinum neurotoxin injection in human muscles

Yi, Kyu‐Ho; Hu, Hyewon; Lee, Ji‐Hyun; An, Min Ho; Lee, Hyung‐Jin; Choi, You–Jin; Kim, Hee‐Jin

doi:10.1002/ca.24076

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Indeed, the persistent flaccid paralysis of variable extent caused by BoNT intoxication known as botulism is induced by the blockade of neurotransmitter release mainly at peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals of the skeletal and autonomic nervous system [ 1 , 2 ]. BoNT administration at neuromuscular junctions is currently practiced in clinical neurology and esthetic surgery in a series of conditions that require to deactivating muscular contraction [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introduction: General Features and Experimental Applications...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Action of Botulinum Neurotoxin E Type in Experimental Epilepsies

Antonucci,

Bozzi

2023

Toxins

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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are zinc endopeptidases produced by the Clostridium genus of anerobic bacteria, largely known for their ability to cleave synaptic proteins, leading to neuromuscular paralysis. In the central nervous system, BoNTs are known to block the release of glutamate neurotransmitter, and for this reason, researchers explored the possible therapeutic action in disorders characterized by neuronal hyperactivity, such as epilepsy. Thus, using multidisciplinary approaches and models of experimental epilepsy, we investigated the pharmacological potential of BoNT/E serotype. In this review, written in memory of Prof. Matteo Caleo, a pioneer in these studies, we go back over the hypotheses and experimental approaches that led us to the conclusion that intrahippocampal administration of BoNT/E (i) displays anticonvulsant effects if prophylactically delivered in a model of acute generalized seizures; (ii) does not have any antiepileptogenic action after the induction of status epilepticus; (iii) reduces frequency of spontaneous seizures in a model of recurrent seizures if delivered during the chronic phase but in a transient manner. Indeed, the control on spontaneous seizures stops when BoNT/E effects are off (few days), thus limiting its pharmacological potential in humans.

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Section: Introduction: General Features and Experimental Applications...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Action of Botulinum Neurotoxin E Type in Experimental Epilepsies

Antonucci,

Bozzi

2023

Toxins

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“…BoNT/A is used to treat multiple clinical disorders, such as muscle spasticity or cervical dystonia. Recent studies suggested administering it in the innervation zones of the muscle to enhance its therapeutic effect [ 14 ], and these can be detected with techniques such as Sihler’s staining technique [ 15 ] or high-density sEMG [ 16 ], as shown by recent research. While this may be true in neuromuscular disorders, current evidence does not support this technique in the case of vulvodynia and there is no standardized method of determining the injection sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Vestibulodynia with Submucosal Injections of IncobotulinumtoxinA into Targeted Painful Points: An Open-Label Exploratory Study

Villa-Muñoz,

Albaladejo-Belmonte,

Nohales-Alfonso

et al. 2023

Toxins

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The studies carried out to date on vulvodynia treatment with botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) have followed generic injection protocols and reported contradictory outcomes on its effects. The aim of the present study was thus to propose a protocol for injecting BoNT/A into targeted painful points, to comprehensively assess the clinical effect of BoNT/A treatment and identify the risk/protective factors for successful treatment. Thirty-five vestibulodynia patients were treated with submucosal injections of incobotulinumtoxinA and assessed 8, 12 and 24 weeks after their treatment. Their clinical and pelvic statuses were assessed from self-reported questionnaires (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Marinoff’s Dyspareunia Scale (MDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Catastrophizing Scale (CS)), physical examinations and surface electromyography (sEMG). The patients reported a reduction in provoked vestibulodynia (<VAS, p < 0.01), improved sexual function (>FSFI, p < 0.01; <MDS, p = 0.01) and psychological status (<HADS, p < 0.01), and lower pelvic floor hyperactivity at rest (<sEMG amplitude, p = 0.01). Factors such as smoking, painful comorbidities, vulvar pain sensitivity and sexual function were significantly associated with successful treatment. The results indicate the beneficial effects of BoNT/A in treating vestibulodynia and reinforce the importance of adapting the treatment according to its clinical presentation and the patient’s medical background.

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Sihler's staining technique: How to and guidance for botulinum neurotoxin injection in human muscles

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Action of Botulinum Neurotoxin E Type in Experimental Epilepsies

Action of Botulinum Neurotoxin E Type in Experimental Epilepsies

Treatment of Vestibulodynia with Submucosal Injections of IncobotulinumtoxinA into Targeted Painful Points: An Open-Label Exploratory Study

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