Signs of generalized anxiety and compulsive disorders in chimpanzees

Ferdowsian, Hope; Durham, Debra; Johnson, Cassie Meré; Brüne, Martin; Kimwele, Charles; Kranendonk, Godelieve; Otali, Emily; Akugizibwe, Timothy; Mulcahy, J. B.; Ajarova, Lilly

doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2012.01.006

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Prolonged captivity, sensory deprivation, and use in laboratories have been shown to contribute to behavioral pathologies in nonhuman primates (Anderson 2010;Bellanca and Crockett 2002;Bradshaw et al 2008;Kalcher et al 2008;Llorente and Campi 2014;Novak 2003;Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al 2010), including abnormal behaviors such as floating limb (Bentson et al 2010), self-biting (Reinhardt and Rossell 2001), self-injury (Wielebnowski et al 2002), self-clasping (Buttelmann et al 2008), pacing (Rybiski Tarou et al 2005), rocking (Lopresti-Goodman et al 2012), object attachment (Janson 2012), coprophagy (Nash et al 1999), and regurgitation-reingestion (Baker and Easley 1996). Poor conditions early in life may also affect personality (Martin 2005) and the development of mental disorders later in life (Brüne et al 2004;Ferdowsian et al 2011Ferdowsian et al , 2012Troisi, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation and Socialization of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Used for Entertainment and as Pets: An 8-Year Study at Fundació Mona

et al. 2015

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Abstracts Primates are at times used as performers in circuses, advertisements, films, and as pets. Most of these animals are socially isolated from their peers. They exhibit behavioral problems and lack important skills for living in a group environment. One of the main challenges primate rescue centers face is creating groups to socialize rescued individuals and promote the development of species-typical behaviors. We monitored a group of 15 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) housed at Fundació Mona, a primate rescue and rehabilitation centre, for 8 yr. The aim of the study was to study the rehabilitation process and to establish variables that may influence the behavioral recovery of the chimpanzees. We used scan sampling to assess behavior and two welfare indices over the study period. Our results show that both desirable behaviors and welfare indices increased over time, while nondesirable behaviors decreased. We found no differences between pet and performer chimpanzees, but captive-born subjects recovered better than wild-born. We also established that chimpanzees that were younger at the onset of rehabilitation reached higher levels of social and behavioral competence than those that were older. We conclude that both social group housing and opportunities for the development of species-typical behaviors have a positive effect on the welfare and rehabilitation of performer and pet chimpanzees, but that their previous history influences rehabilitation. Int J Primatol

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation and Socialization of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Used for Entertainment and as Pets: An 8-Year Study at Fundació Mona

et al. 2015

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“…Given homologies in brain structures affected by distress in human and non-human animals (e.g., the hippocampus, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), and psychosocial and behavioral similarities between humans and chimpanzees [ 6 , 21 ], researchers have applied the criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4 th Ed. ( DSM-IV ) which is used to diagnose humans with psychopathologies such as depression or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), to chimpanzees [ 12 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotypical Behaviors in Chimpanzees Rescued from the African Bushmeat and Pet Trade

Lopresti-Goodman

Kameka

Dube

2012

Behavioral Sciences

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Many orphaned chimpanzees whose mothers are illegally killed for their meat (bushmeat) in Africa are sold as pets or kept caged at hotels and businesses to attract tourists. As a result of being separated from their mothers and other chimpanzees at an early age, and spending years in impoverished captive conditions, some of these individuals engage in abnormal behaviors, including stereotypically scratching at their flesh and repetitively rocking back and forth. This paper presents case studies of Poco and Safari, two chimpanzees who were rescued by sanctuaries after living alone on display for humans at businesses for the first 7 to 8 years of their lives. Decades after their rescue, they still engage in stereotypical behaviors as a result of the psychological and physical trauma they endured early on. This paper combines data from in depth interviews with caregivers and direct observations of abnormal behaviors to assess psychological distress in captive-living chimpanzees. Our results highlight some lesser known harms of the bushmeat trade and the detrimental life-long consequences that keeping chimpanzees as “pets” can have on their mental health.

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“…Among non-human primates, at least one individual from seven species was observed to hair pluck in a survey of British and Irish zoos [Hosey and Skyner, 2007]. Among the great apes, the behavior has been noted to occur in every captive species: orangutans (genus Pongo) [Zucker et al, 1978;Edwards and Snowdon, 1980], gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) [Pizzutto, 2007;Hill and Broom, 2009;Clark et al, 2012;Less et al, 2013], chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) [Nash et al, 1999;Pomerantz and Terkel, 2009;Birkett and Newton-Fisher, 2011;Ferdowsian et al, 2012], and bonobos (P. paniscus) [Miller and Tobey, 2012;Brand and Marchant, 2015]. To date, few studies have directly focused on this particular behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair plucking, stress, and urinary cortisol among captive bonobos (Pan paniscus)

et al. 2016

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Hair plucking has been observed in many captive primate species, including the great apes; however, the etiology of this behavioral pattern is poorly understood. While this behavior has not been reported in wild apes, an ethologically identical behavior in humans, known as trichotillomania, is linked to chronic psychosocial stress and is a predominantly female disorder. This study examines hair plucking (defined here as a rapid jerking away of the hair shaft and follicle by the hand or mouth, often accompanied by inspection and consumption of the hair shaft and follicle) in a captive group of bonobos (N = 13) at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium in Columbus, Ohio. Plucking data were collected using behavior and all-occurrence sampling; 1,450 social and self-directed grooming bouts were recorded during 128 hr of observation. Twenty-one percent of all grooming bouts involved at least one instance of plucking. Urine samples (N = 55) were collected and analyzed for the stress hormone cortisol. Analyses of urinary cortisol levels showed a significant positive correlation between mean cortisol and self-directed plucking for females (r = 0.88, P < 0.05) but not for males (r = -0.73, P = 0.09). These results demonstrate an association between relative self-directed hair plucking and cortisol among female bonobos. This is the first study to investigate the relationship between hair plucking and cortisol among apes. Overall, these data add to our knowledge of a contemporary issue in captive ape management. Zoo Biol. 35:415-422, 2016. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Signs of generalized anxiety and compulsive disorders in chimpanzees

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Rehabilitation and Socialization of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Used for Entertainment and as Pets: An 8-Year Study at Fundació Mona

Rehabilitation and Socialization of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Used for Entertainment and as Pets: An 8-Year Study at Fundació Mona

Stereotypical Behaviors in Chimpanzees Rescued from the African Bushmeat and Pet Trade

Hair plucking, stress, and urinary cortisol among captive bonobos (Pan paniscus)

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