Signs of Feeding and Meat Qualities of Young Pigs of Diverse Interbreed Differentiation According to the Eurosomy Index and Their Level of Discretion

Abstract

The article presents the results of the research on the fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the large white breed of diverse interbreed differentiation due to the Eurosomy index and the analysis of the coefficients of discreteness of quantitative traits and the economic efficiency of their use in the conditions of the industrial complex. Evaluation of animals according to indicators of individual development, fattening, and meat qualities were carried out taking into account the following characteristics: live weight of young pigs on the last day of control fattening, kg; body length, cm; chest circumference behind the shoulder blades, cm; average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, g; the age of reaching 100 kg live weight, days; length of the cooled carcass, cm; thickness of bacon at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm. The Eurosomia index was calculated due to the methodology of S. V. Akimov (2005), the biometric processing, and the analysis of the economic efficiency of the research results were carried out according to generally accepted methods. It was founded that the young pigs of the large white breed of the controlled population correspond to the 1st class and the elite class in terms of body length, age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, lard thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and length of the chilled carcass. It was established that the young pigs of the first experimental group reliably outperformed peers of the second experimental group in terms of live weight on the last day of control fattening, body length, chest girth behind the shoulder blades, average daily increase in live weight during the fattening control period, age reaching a live weight of 100 kg, the length of the chilled carcass, the length of the bacon half of the chilled half carcass by an average of 2.77%. The coefficient of discreteness of signs of individual development, fattening, and meat qualities in young pigs of the experimental groups ranges from 0.427 to 0.829 points. The presence of reliable connections (87.50%) between the Eurosomia index, development indicators, fattening, and meat qualities testify to the effectiveness of using this integrated value in selection and breeding work under conditions of compliance with the optimal level of feeding and maintenance and veterinary safety. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the 1st experimental group - +2.35%, and its value are +162.47 hryvnias or 4.11 US dollars.