Significant signal enhancement of dielectric barrier discharge plasma induced vapor generation by using non-ionic surfactants for determination of mercury and cadmium by atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Abstract

Non-ionic surfactants (NISs) were used to improve the performance of dielectric barrier discharge plasma induced vapor generation (DBD plasma-CVG). The addition of Triton X-114 leads to 5.4 and 5.1 times improvement in the fluorescence signals of DBD plasma-CVG for cadmium and mercury, respectively.The enhancement mechanism was investigated and it was presumed that the presence of NISs increased the reaction kinetics and improved the transport efficiency of volatile species from solutions. Influencing parameters were evaluated in detail, including the concentrations of NISs and flow rates of carrier gas and samples, as well as interferences. The detection limits were 2.4 ng L À1 for Cd and 4.5 ng L À1 for Hg and the relative standard deviations were 3.4% for Cd (1 mg L À1 , n ¼ 5) and 2.6% for Hg (1 mg L À1 , n ¼ 5), respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was validated by the analysis of simulated natural water samples, GBW08603, GBW(E)080401 and GBW(E)080402.

Liquid Spray Dielectric Barrier Discharge Induced Plasma–Chemical Vapor Generation for the Determination of Lead by ICPMS

“…Such an observation is different from our earlier TFDBD plasma−CVG studies, in which the volatile species generation efficiency of Hg, Cd, and Zn are higher at a pH around 7. 26,27,33 Input Voltage. The influence of the input voltage for the discharge power supply on the intensity of 10 μg L −1 Pb was also investigated in the range of 115−240 V (ac).…”

A simple and efficient approach for preconcentration of some heavy metals in cosmetic products before their determinations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

“…Numerous atomic spectroscopic and electroanalytical techniques such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), 5−7 atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), 8 electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), 9,10 anodic and cathodic striping voltammetry (ASV and CSV), 11,12 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), 13−15 differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV), 16 and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) 17−19 have been used for determination of Cd, Pb, and Sn in foods, cosmetics, and solid environmental samples. Among these techniques, FAAS is widely used for determination of heavy metals in various matrices due to its good precision and accuracy, low cost, and simple instrument.…”

Recent Studies on the Speciation and Determination of Mercury in Different Environmental Matrices Using Various Analytical Techniques

“…The other alternative to measure the accuracy of the data is the analysis of CRMs. A large number of studies [ 45 , 47 , 55 , 56 , 58 – 67 ] reported the analysis of CRMs to validate their data. Regarding QC, most of the studies reported the RSD values for replicate sample analysis and/or standard materials analysis.…”

“…More than 90% of studies using electrochemical methods or spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry techniques determined divalent inorganic mercury and did not report speciation. However, a few reported [ 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 60 – 62 , 66 – 68 , 85 , 86 , 93 , 102 – 106 , 108 , 109 ] total mercury content in various samples, which does not accurately predict toxicity based on its concentration.…”