“…For example, the appraisal system is notably effective in analyzing how attitudes and values are negotiated in texts (Martin & Rose, 2007). Hence, several studies attempted to analyze different texts based on the appraisal system such as political reports (e.g., Jin, 2019), curricular's textbooks (e.g., Kawamitsu, 2012), online debate texts (e.g., Almutairi, 2019), and novels (e.g., Yiying & Jia, 2020;Coffin & O'Halloran, 2012).…”