Significant impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on pediatric parapneumonic effusion: Italy 2006–2018

Azzari, Chiara; Serranti, Daniele; Nieddu, Francesco; Moriondo, Maria; Casini, Arianna; Lodi, Lorenzo; Benedictis, Fernando Maria de; Vitis, Elisa De; Cavone, Federica; Cortimiglia, Martina; Indolfi, Giuseppe; Lombardi, Enrico; Carloni, Ines; Cutrera, Renato; Lucenteforte, Ersilia; Resti, Massimo; Ricci, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.012

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In our study, 23 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was significantly more sensitive than culture in identifying pathogens, both in pleural fluid (79.7% vs 12.5%) and blood (17.8% vs 7.4%), thus confirming the results of previous reports. [24][25][26][27] Technical factors other than prior treatment with broad-spectrum antimicrobials 28,29 may explain the low rate of bacteria isolation in complicated pneumonia.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…A recent Italian study evaluated 502 children with complicated pneumonia over a 12-year period. 23 PCV13 vaccination resulted in a significant reduction of parapneumonic empyema, the incidence rate being 2.82 and 0.66 per 1 000 000 person-years in children born in the pre-PCV13 and in the post-PCV13 era, respectively. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen identified in both the pre-PCV13 (71.1%) and the post-PCV3 period (74.2%).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, there is no data on the epidemiology of NP in this period. A recent Italian study evaluated 502 children with complicated pneumonia over a 12‐year period . PCV13 vaccination resulted in a significant reduction of parapneumonic empyema, the incidence rate being 2.82 and 0.66 per 1 000 000 person‐years in children born in the pre‐PCV13 and in the post‐PCV13 era, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technical factors other than prior treatment with broad‐spectrum antimicrobials may explain the low rate of bacteria isolation in complicated pneumonia. Being DNA stable at room temperature for a long time, RT‐PCR suffers the effect of those factors to a much lesser extent …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of necrotizing pneumonia in children: Time for a patient‐oriented approach

Benedictis

Carloni²

2019

Pediatric Pulmonology

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confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of necrotizing pneumonia in children: Time for a patient‐oriented approach

Benedictis

Carloni²

2019

Pediatric Pulmonology

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“…pneumoniae is a Gram-positive coccus that can survive under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions [59]. It causes mucosal and invasive infections in children and adults, most commonly acute otitis media (AOM), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD), such as bacteraemia and meningitis [60][61][62][63][64].…”

Section: Pneumococcal Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination against Paediatric Respiratory Pathogens

et al. 2019

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Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are extremely common in children, especially those under 5 years old. They can lead to complications, super-infection, respiratory failure, and even compromised respiratory function in adulthood. For some of the responsible pathogens, vaccines are available. This review reports current issues about vaccines against the main respiratory pathogens to highlight the available strategies to reduce the burden of paediatric respiratory disease. The optimal use of influenza, pneumococcal, pertussis and measles vaccines is required in order to reduce ARI burden. Vaccination coverage rates must be improved to achieve the full benefits of these vaccines. Recently, advances in the knowledge of respiratory syncytial virus structural biology and immunology as well as the development of new techniques to generate vaccine candidates have increased the number of promising vaccines even against this harmful pathogen.

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Necrotizing pneumonia among Italian children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era

Carloni¹,

Ricci

Rubino

et al. 2021

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Background Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a severe complication of community‐acquired pneumonia. The impact of 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on the epidemiology of NP in children has not been assessed. Patients and methods Medical records of children less than 18 years admitted with NP to two pediatric hospitals in Italy between 2005 and 2019 were reviewed. The following four periods were defined: 2005–2010 (pre‐PCV13), 2011–2013 (early post‐PCV13), 2014–2016 (intermediate post‐PCV13), and 2017–2019 (late post‐PCV13). Results Forty‐three children (median age, 44 months) were included. Most of them (93%) were previously healthy. No differences in age, sex, season of admission, comorbidity, clinical presentation, or hospital course were identified between pre‐PCV13 and post‐PCV13 periods. A significant decrease in the rate of NP‐associated hospitalizations was found between the early (1.5/1000 admissions/year) and the intermediate (0.35/1000 admissions/year) post‐PCV13 period (p = .001). An increased trend in admissions was found thereafter. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common agent detected in both periods (pre‐PCV13: 11/18, 61%; post‐PCV13: 13/25, 52%). Serotype 3 was the most common strain in both periods (pre‐PCV13: 3/11, 27%; post‐PCV13; 4/13, 31%). There were no changes in the etiology over time, but most patients with Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus infection were admitted during the post‐PCV13 period. Conclusions The hospitalization rate for NP in children decreased a few years after the implementation of PCV13 immunization in Italy. However, an increased trend in admissions was found thereafter. S. pneumoniae was the most frequent causal agent in both pre‐ and post‐PCV13 periods. Pneumococcal serotypes were mainly represented by Strain 3.

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Significant impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on pediatric parapneumonic effusion: Italy 2006–2018

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Management of necrotizing pneumonia in children: Time for a patient‐oriented approach

Management of necrotizing pneumonia in children: Time for a patient‐oriented approach

Vaccination against Paediatric Respiratory Pathogens

Necrotizing pneumonia among Italian children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era

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