Significant Acute Response of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Following a Session of Extreme Conditioning Program Is Correlated With Volume of Specific Exercise Training in Trained Men
Abstract:Several studies have demonstrated an acute and chronic increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in relation to different types of physical exercise. Currently, many individuals seek physical training strategies that present different types of stimulation and volume/intensity. Thus, the extreme conditioning methodology has gained great notoriety in the scientific and non-scientific environment. Knowing that BDNF values increase in an effort-dependent manner, it is necessary to study the effects of t… Show more
“…Some studies have reported no change in serum BDNF right after either acute or chronic exercise. On the other hand, several studies have shown that circulating BDNF increases with physical exercise (Ferris et al, 2007; Yarrow et al, 2010; Pereira et al, 2018). In skeletal muscle cells, BDNF mRNA expression is increased by contraction and increased fat oxidation through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (Matthews et al, 2009).…”
Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength has recently become a hot research topic with the extension of life span and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle in modern society. Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is considered an essential determinant of muscle strength and function. Myokines are cytokines synthesized and released by myocytes during muscular contractions. They are implicated in autocrine regulation of metabolism in the muscle as well as in the paracrine/endocrine regulation of other tissues and organs including adipose tissue, the liver, and the brain through their receptors. Till date, secretome analysis of human myocyte culture medium has revealed over 600 myokines. In this review article, we summarize our current knowledge of major identified and characterized myokines focusing on their biological activity and function, particularly in muscle mass and function.
“…Some studies have reported no change in serum BDNF right after either acute or chronic exercise. On the other hand, several studies have shown that circulating BDNF increases with physical exercise (Ferris et al, 2007; Yarrow et al, 2010; Pereira et al, 2018). In skeletal muscle cells, BDNF mRNA expression is increased by contraction and increased fat oxidation through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (Matthews et al, 2009).…”
Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength has recently become a hot research topic with the extension of life span and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle in modern society. Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is considered an essential determinant of muscle strength and function. Myokines are cytokines synthesized and released by myocytes during muscular contractions. They are implicated in autocrine regulation of metabolism in the muscle as well as in the paracrine/endocrine regulation of other tissues and organs including adipose tissue, the liver, and the brain through their receptors. Till date, secretome analysis of human myocyte culture medium has revealed over 600 myokines. In this review article, we summarize our current knowledge of major identified and characterized myokines focusing on their biological activity and function, particularly in muscle mass and function.
“…Despite this, perhaps further alterations in the resistance exercise protocol would be useful to consider in future research. For example, past work has demonstrated a positive correlation between the total volume of completed resistance exercise and the release of key memory-related neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Pereira et al, 2018).…”
Accumulating research provides suggestive evidence that acute aerobic exercise may, potentially, enhance episodic memory function post-exercise. Limited research has evaluated whether acute resistance exercise may also enhance episodic memory post-exercise. Further, whether these two exercise modalities have a differential effect on post-exercise episodic memory is relatively unknown. To address these research questions, three experimental studies were conducted (N=104) among young adults (18-25 yrs). The experiments implemented acute bouts of aerobic or resistance exercise for 15 minutes. Episodic memory was comprehensively evaluated post-exercise with a list-learning paradigm and a computerized assessment of what-where-when aspects of episodic memory. Various manipulations (e.g., between vs. within-group) of the study design were implemented across the experiments. Across these three experiments, we failed to find consistent evidence of either type of acute exercise affecting episodic memory performance post-exercise.
“…Then, they trained a single ECP session, which consisted of a combination of highintensity multi-joint exercises with a predetermined time of 9 minutes. 21 Being re-evaluated in the moments immediately and 30 minutes after the end of the session.…”
Section: Training Sessionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After each successful round, an extra movement was added to each exercise, except for the double-unders or single-unders exercise, making the training session more exhaustive. 21…”
Introduction Extreme conditioning training (ECT) has become a popular method, characterized by a wide variety of exercises. For good technical performance, practitioners must have good perception of the different parts of the body; however, it is not known whether this perception differs between practitioners and non-practitioners of ECT. Objective To analyze the perception of body dimensions among subjects submitted to an ECT session. Methods Adult men were divided into TRAINED (n = 10) and UNTRAINED (n = 10). All subjects were submitted to a combination of high-effort multiarticular exercises for a set period of nine minutes (“the largest possible number of repetitions” [AMRAP]). For the procedure of marking the body pattern, the subjects were scored in terms of acromioclavicular joints, waist and trochanter. Results Regarding the general perception of body size, the TRAINED and UNTRAINED groups were classified as adequate for each stage. In the dimension of body segments, there was an overestimation of the shoulder region in both groups (TRAINED Pre = 105.2 ± 8.37; Post = 117.23 ± 22.11 [ES = 0.79]; 30 min = 101.34 ± 14.21 [ES = 0.34] and UNTRAINED Pre = 96.72 ± 12.79; Post = 99.47 ± 12.17 [ES = 0.22]; 30 min = 111.05 ± 11.06 [ES = 1.27]). The perception of the waist region improved significantly after training (TRAINED Pre = 114.11 ± 16.4; Post = 117.7 ± 20.16 [ES = 0.20]; 30 min = 104.59 ± 11.46 [ES = 0.68] and UNTRAINED Pre = 114.66 ± 9.88; Post = 104.64 ± 12.87; [ES = 0.88]; 30 min = 108.36 ± 12.32 [ES = 0.57]). Conclusion ECT can promote better perception of body dimensions. In addition, the assessment of body size in active, but untrained individuals showed a better body perception, albeit a transitory effect. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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