Significance of Theileria orientalis types in individual affected beef herds in New South Wales based on clinical, smear and PCR findings

Eamens, G. J.; Bailey, G. D.; Jenkins, Cheryl; Gonsalves, Jocelyn R.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.059

Cited by 44 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Coinfections with multiple T. orientalis genotypes were commonly detected by MT-PCR, consistent with previous studies in Australia (13,20,21,23). However, here, Ikeda was the most common genotype, followed by the Buffeli, Chitose, and type 5 genotypes, in contrast to previous evidence showing that Chitose was the second most prevalent genotype (21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The major clinical signs of this disease include fever, anemia, jaundice, lethargy, weakness, abortion, and/or mortality (16-18), with significant production losses in dairy cattle (22). Thus far, four genotypes (Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of T. orientalis have been reported in Australia (13,18,(20)(21)(22)(23).Currently, the diagnosis of oriental theileriosis is usually based on the observation of clinical signs, the detection of piroplasms of T. orientalis in blood smears (19,24,25), and/or the use of serological (26) or conventional molecular techniques (7,27,28). Each of these approaches has limitations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…Presently, 11 genotypes of T. orientalis complex (designated Chitose or type 1, Ikeda or type 2, Buffeli or type 3, types 4 to 8, and N-1 to N-3) have been identified using a number of molecular markers, including major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) (7,8), 23-kDa piroplasm membrane protein (p23) (9)(10)(11)60), small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (8,12,13), and/or the first and second internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively) (12,14). Of these genotypes, Ikeda and Chitose are recognized to be associated with clinical outbreaks of oriental theileriosis, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The major clinical signs of this disease include fever, anemia, jaundice, lethargy, weakness, abortion, and/or mortality (16)(17)(18), with significant production losses in dairy cattle (22).…”

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Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

et al. 2015

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bOriental theileriosis is an emerging, tick-borne disease of bovines in the Asia-Pacific region and is caused by one or more genotypes of the Theileria orientalis complex. This study aimed to establish and validate a multiplexed tandem PCR (MT-PCR) assay using three distinct markers (major piroplasm surface protein, 23-kDa piroplasm membrane protein, and the first internal transcribed spacer of nuclear DNA), for the simultaneous detection and semiquantification of four genotypes (Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of the T. orientalis complex. Analytical specificity, analytical sensitivity, and repeatability of the established MT-PCR assay were assessed in a series of experiments. Subsequently, the assay was evaluated using 200 genomic DNA samples collected from cattle from farms on which oriental theileriosis outbreaks had occurred, and 110 samples from a region where no outbreaks had been reported. The results showed the MT-PCR assay specifically and reproducibly detected the expected genotypes (i.e., genotypes Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of the T. orientalis complex, reliably differentiated them, and was able to detect as little as 1 fg of genomic DNA from each genotype. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the MT-PCR were estimated at 94.0% and 98.8%, respectively. The MT-PCR assay established here is a practical and effective diagnostic tool for the four main genotypes of T. orientalis complex in Australia and should assist studies of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of oriental theileriosis in the Asia-Pacific region.T ick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a major threat to livestock production worldwide and can have a significant impact on farming communities due to economic losses (1). Theileriosis is one of the important TBDs of cattle, sheep, and/or other ruminants, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (2). In cattle, East Coast fever (ECF) and Mediterranean/tropical theileriosis are due to Theileria parva and Theileria annulata, respectively, whereas oriental theileriosis is caused by Theileria orientalis. The prevalence of various forms of theileriosis in different parts of the world is dependent on the occurrence of suitable tick vectors for their transmission (3).Oriental theileriosis is caused by one or more genotypes of the T. orientalis complex and is transmitted by ixodid ticks, primarily Haemaphysalis spp. (4-6). Presently, 11 genotypes of T. orientalis complex (designated Chitose or type 1, Ikeda or type 2, Buffeli or type 3, types 4 to 8, and N-1 to N-3) have been identified using a number of molecular markers, including major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) (7, 8), 23-kDa piroplasm membrane protein (p23) (9-11, 60), small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (8, 12, 13), and/or the first and second internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively) (12, 14). Of these genotypes, Ikeda and Chitose are recognized to be associated with clinical outbreaks of oriental theileriosis, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region (15-21). The major clin...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

et al. 2015

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“…Advances in molecular biology have enabled genotypic characterization, and have proved very useful for the identification and classification of many hemoparasites species (Heidarpour-Bami et al 2009). Many researchers have emphasized that PCR assay is a good technique for discrimination of asymptomatic carriers of T. annulata than Giemsa staining method (Eamens et al 2013;HeidarpourBami et al 2009;Hoghooghi-Rad et al 2011). These all have agreement with our achievements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Theileria annulata carriers in Holstein–Friesian (Bos taurus taurus) and Sistani (Bos taurus indicus) cattle breeds by polymerase chain reaction in Sistan region, Iran

et al. 2015

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Theileria annulata is common in tropical and subtropical regions especially in Iran and causes great economic losses in cattle industry. In Iran the epidemiological aspects of bovine theileriosis in different breeds of cattle is poorly understood. The aim of present study is comparison of the number of T. annulata carriers in the two major cattle breeds (Holstein-Friesian and Sistani) in Sistan of Iran by giemsa and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. During winter 2013, 160 native cattle, from the two major breeds in Sistan, with the mean age of more than one year and without typical clinical symptoms of theileriosis were selected. At first, a thin layer smear was held from their ear sublime vein blood for Giemsa staining method. In order to do PCR assay, jugular vein blood sample of each cow was taken. The PCR employs primers specific for the 721-bp gene fragment encoding the 30-kDa major merozoite surface antigen of T. annulata. By PCR method, 38 (47.5 %) Holstein blood samples and 22 (27.5 %) Sistani blood samples had DNA of T. annulata and considered positive (The correlation was significant at values of P \ 0.05). By checking 160 blood smears with light microscope and lens 9 100, only 10 samples (6.25 %) were positive for T. annulata. Statistical comparison between PCR and smear method showed that the PCR method is more sensitive and accurate in comparison to Giemsa staining method to diagnose the asymptomatic carriers of T. annulata.

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Evaluating an indirect rMPSP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine Theileria infection in China

Zhao¹,

Liu²,

Zhao

et al. 2016

Parasitol Res

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Bovine theileriosis, a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis and Theileria sinensis, is widespread in China and is a serious economic problem for the Chinese livestock industry. In this study, recombinant major piroplasma surface proteins (MPSP) of T. annulata, T. orientalis and T. sinensis based on MPSP genes were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The immunogenicity and specificity of the three purified recombinant MPSP proteins were evaluated with the reference positive sera of T. annulata, T. orientalis, T. sinensis, Babesia bovis, B abesia bigemina, Babesia major, Babesia motasi, Theileria luwenshuni, Theileria uilenbergi and Anaplasma ovis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or western blotting. The results showed that all three of the rMPSP proteins had a strong reaction with the sera from cattle infected with T. annulata, T. orientalis and T. sinensis via western blotting but not with other piroplasma and Anaplasma species. Then, the rMPSP protein of T. sinensis was used to develop an iELISA for detecting the three Theileria species infections. The specificity and sensitivity were 95.7 and 95.5 %, respectively, with a threshold of 28.8 % of the specific mean antibody rate (AbR). Finally, 2473 field-collected bovine sera, from 42 prefectures of 17 provinces in China, were tested using the ELISA to evaluate the prevalence of bovine theileriosis, and the average positive rate was 43.6 %. The developed iELISA could be a suitable tool to detect the three bovine Theileria species, and the data also provided important information regarding the current prevalence of bovine theileriosis in China.

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Significance of Theileria orientalis types in individual affected beef herds in New South Wales based on clinical, smear and PCR findings

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

Detection of Theileria annulata carriers in Holstein–Friesian (Bos taurus taurus) and Sistani (Bos taurus indicus) cattle breeds by polymerase chain reaction in Sistan region, Iran

Evaluating an indirect rMPSP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine Theileria infection in China

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