Significance of the Enzymes Associated with Soil C and N Transformation

Piotrowska-Długosz, Anna

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7264-3_12

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…A fruitful field of application of genomic and transcriptomic techniques is the study of biogeochemical cycles, where particular attention has been given to the nitrogen cycle (Séneca et al, 2021). The contribution of these techniques to soil enzymology is nevertheless still relatively limited, mainly due to methodological constraints and the complexity of the relations between gene expression and enzymatic activity (Piotrowska‐Długosz, 2020).…”

Section: Soil Extracellular Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes

Zuccarini

Sardans

Asensio

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Soil enzymes are crucial in mediating ecosystems' responses to environmental drivers, so that the comprehension of their sensitivity to drivers of global change can help make predictions of future scenarios and design tailored interventions of biomanipulation. Drivers of global change usually act in combination of two or more, and indirect effects of one driver acting through modification of another one often occur, yet most of both manipulative and meta‐analysis studies available tend to focus on the direct effect of one single driver on the activity of specific soil enzymes. One of the biggest challenges is, therefore, represented by the difficulty in assessing the interactions between different drivers, due to the complexity of disentangling the single direct effects from the indirect and combined ones. In this review, after elucidating the general mechanisms of soil enzyme production and activity regulation, we display the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on direct, indirect and combined effects of the main drivers of global change on soil enzyme activities, identify gaps in knowledge and challenges from research, plus we analyse how this can reverberate in the future of biomanipulation techniques for the improvement of ecosystem services. We conclude that qualitative but not quantitative outcomes can be predicted for some interactions such as warming + drought or warming + CO2, while for other ones, the results are controversial: future basic research will have to center on this holistic approach. A general trend toward the overall increase of soil enzyme activities and acceleration of biogeochemical cycles will persist, until an inflection will be caused by factors such as future shifts in microbial communities and changes in carbon use efficiency. Applied research will develop toward the refinement of “in situ” analytical systems for the study of soil enzyme activities and the support of bioengineering for the better tailoring of interventions of biomanipulation.

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Section: Soil Extracellular Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes

Zuccarini

Sardans

Asensio

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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“…A large number of enzymes, which play fundamental roles in soil organic matter (SOM) transformation, belong to the class of hydrolases. Soil hydrolases catalyze the biochemical reactions of the soil organic matter transformation and play crucial roles in the soil C, N, P and S cycling, which meet the nutrient requirements of soil microbes and plants [6]. Among the specific C-transforming enzymes, which are crucial to the hydrolysis of the most abundant, complex plant-derived polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, xylan, lignin, pectin, chitin, inulin) into small available compounds, the complexes of the cellulases and xylanases are most often studied [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Microbial and Enzymatic Properties in Luvisols as Affected by Different Types of Agricultural Land-Use Systems and Soil Depth

Piotrowska-Długosz,

Długosz,

Kalisz

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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Determination of the microbial and enzymatic properties in soil is primarily concentrated on the surface layers of the soil profiles; however, it is well known that the transformation of soil organic matter also occurs in the deeper horizons of the soil profile. The aim of this study was to assess any changes in specific sets of enzyme activities and their associated physicochemical properties as affected by two different agricultural land-use systems and soil depth. Changes in the studied properties were determined across four Luvisol profiles in two agricultural land uses (arable land and vineyards). The enzyme activities associated with the transformation of C, N and P were analyzed. Additionally, the activity of some oxidoreductases and the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDAH) rate were also determined. Moreover, the content of the various forms of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus (including microbial biomass C, N and P) and some other properties (pH, clay and silt content) were assessed. Agricultural land use significantly affected the microbial biomass content and as well as the studied enzyme activities. Most of the studied enzymes exhibited a higher activity in the grapevine (GV) profiles, which was followed by the winter wheat (WW) profiles; however, the largest variability occurred for the urease activity. There was no clear differentiation between the two studied land uses for the activity of nitrate reductase, dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, or endo- and exo-cellulase. Irrespective of the plant being cultivated, the soil variables decreased significantly with increasing soil depth, wherein the greatest changes were observed between the surface and sub-surface soil horizons (I–II). The activity of some enzymes (e.g., the urease activity in WW profiles) decreased gradually across the soil profiles, while others were located almost solely within the surface layers (e.g., the nitrate reductase activity in the GV profiles as well as invertase in the WW profiles). The α-glucosidase activity did not exhibit any statistically significant changes along the analyzed profiles. The activity of phenol oxidase and peroxidase also revealed different trends along the studied profiles compared to the other enzymes and did not decrease gradually with depth. The microbial biomass of the C, N and P content was generally the highest in the upper horizons and gradually decreased with depth, wherein the largest decrease was observed between the surface and sub-surface horizon. The studied enzyme activities were more dependent on the soil carbon content compared to the other soil properties. And thus, in the C-rich horizons (C > 4 g kg) for the surface and subsurface layers the enzyme activities were highly correlated with TOC, DOC and MBC content as compared to the deeper, C-low horizons (C < 4 g kg). By examining how the microbial and enzymatic properties change across the soil profiles, it is possible to gain valuable insight into the long-term biogeochemical processes that are involved in soil fertility and in the health of agricultural ecosystems.

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Extracellular Soil Enzymes Act as Moderators to Restore Carbon in Soil Habitats

Kaur

Singh

2021

Handbook of Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering

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Significance of the Enzymes Associated with Soil C and N Transformation

Cited by 10 publications

References 185 publications

Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes

Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes

Soil Microbial and Enzymatic Properties in Luvisols as Affected by Different Types of Agricultural Land-Use Systems and Soil Depth

Extracellular Soil Enzymes Act as Moderators to Restore Carbon in Soil Habitats

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