Significance of the cytoskeleton for cytoplasmic organization and cell organelle dynamics in epithelial cells of fresh-water sponges

Wachtmann, Dieter; Stockem, W.

doi:10.1007/bf01323610

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Particularly relevant to the present discussion are observations of cytochalasins severely affecting the three-dimensional array of ER, not only in root statocytes (Hensel, 1987) but also in non-polarized epidermal cells of onion bulb scales, whilst oryzalin and trifluralin (another MT-destabilizing agent) have no effect on ER (Quader, Hofmann & Schnepf, 1989). In this respect food-conducting cells of mosses appear to be more akin to animal systems, where ER and the MT cytoskeleton are closely interdependent systems and MT inhibitors, but not cytochalasins, have drastic effects on ER (Terasaki, 1990;Dabora & Sheetz 1988;Dailey & Bridgman, 1989;Lee, Ferguson & Chen, 1989;Swanson et al, 1987;Wachtmann & Stockem, 1992;). According to a model proposed for animal cells by Terasaki (1990), free-ended ER tubules extend along MTs from the inside of cells, where the minus-ends of MTs are associated with the MT organizing centre (MTOC), towards the plus-ends at the cellular periphery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this respect food-conducting cells of mosses appear to be more akin to animal systems, where ER and the MT cytoskeleton are closely interdependent systems and MT inhibitors, but not cytochalasins, have drastic effects on ER (Terasaki, 1990;Dabora & Sheetz 1988;Dailey & Bridgman, 1989;Lee, Ferguson & Chen, 1989;Swanson et al, 1987;Wachtmann & Stockem, 1992;). According to a model proposed for animal cells by Terasaki (1990), free-ended ER tubules extend along MTs from the inside of cells, where the minus-ends of MTs are associated with the MT organizing centre (MTOC), towards the plus-ends at the cellular periphery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polarity and endoplasmic microtubules in food‐conducting cells of mosses: an experimental study

Ligrone¹,

Duckett

1996

New Phytologist

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The effects of decapitation and of drugs affecting microtubules, microfiJaments and the endomembrane system, on the ultrastructure of food-conducting cells have been studied in the sporophyte of the mosses Polytrtchum juniperinum Hedw. and Mnitim hornum Hedw. In both species decapitation caused a marked reduction of cellular polarity. Moreover in Mnium but not in Polytrtchum decapitation induced the disappearance of endoplasmic mierotubules (MTs), the loss of longitudinal alignment of organelles and the accumulation of abundant starch. Starch accumulated in the cortical parenchyma cells in Poiytrichum. In both species extensive MT depolymerization was induced by 100/iM oryzalin, whereas 10/(M oryzalin was less effective and 2-5 mM cokhicine had no apparent effect. Treatment with 100 /(M oryzalin also caused disruption of organelle alignment, alterations in the shape and position of the nucleus and a marked reduction in, or disappearance of, endoplasmic reticulum, trans Golgi network and membrane-bounded tubules, that were abundant in the controls. Treatment with 10 /(M monensin partially mimicked the effects of oryzalin, causing a reduction of the endomembrane system and disappearance of most endoplasmic MTs, Neither oryzalin nor monensin suppressed cellular polarity. Cells treated with D,,O or the actin microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin D showed no structural alterations. The data indicate tbat: (a) endoplasmic MTs have a major role in organelle alignment and shaping in food-conducting cells of mosses; (b) cellular polarity depends on the presence of a source/sink gradient and is not directly associated with MTs; (c) interactions between MTS and organelles, notably the ER and other components of the endomembrane system, have mutually stabilizing effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarity and endoplasmic microtubules in food‐conducting cells of mosses: an experimental study

Ligrone¹,

Duckett

1996

New Phytologist

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“…(Wachtmann and Stockem 1992). A typical receptor-mediated endocytosis, as already described for a large variety of eukaryotic cells, (Steinman et al 1983;Gruenberg and Maxfield 1995;Knutson et al 1996) exists in pinacocytes and is concerned with the internalization of membrane-bound ligands via coated vesicles at the basal cell surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Intracellular pathways and degradation of endosomal contents in basal epithelial cells of freshwater sponges (Porifera, Spongillidae)

Hahn-Keser

Stockem

1998

Zoomorphology

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The digestive system expressed by basal epithelial cells of the freshwater sponges Spongilla lacustris and Ephydatia muelleri is mainly represented by a population of 30-50 preexisting lysosomes located in the close vicinity of the central nucleus. The strongly acidic vacuoles (pH 4-4.5) vary in size between 1 and 3 µm, and contain a set of different lysosomal enzymes. Immunocytochemical studies succeeded in the detection of β-hexosaminidase, cathepsin D, acid phosphatase, and α-glucosidase. Endosomes resulting from fluid-phase macropinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, or phagocytotic activity deliver their exogenous contents to the preexisting lysosomes for enzymatic degradation. Macropinosomes and phagosomes follow a rather reduced intracellular pathway by immediate fusion with the lysosomal compartment, whereas substances conveyed by coated vesicles pass through two additional vacuolar stages, namely early and late endosomes. Early endosomes serve as sorting organelles and segregate various constituents of complex ligands (BSA-AU 6, BSA-AU 12 ) by size into individual late endosomes, which then coalesce with preexisting lysosomes. As a whole, the intracellular pathways and hydrolytic processing of endosomal and phagosomal contents in freshwater sponge cells share certain similarities with the respective mechanisms in cells of higher eukaryotes.& k w d : Abbreviations AU 6/12/18 colloidal gold particles nm · BCECF 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein · BSA bovine serum albumin · CL-NERF 7′-chlororhodol · CMF-PBS calcium/magnesium-free phosphatebuffered saline · DAMP 3-(2, 4-dinitroanilino)-3′-amino-N-methyldipropylamine · DM-NERF 2′, 7′-dimethylrhodol · DNP dinitrophenol · DTT 1,4-dithiothreitol · EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid · EGF epidermal growth factor · FCS fetal calf serum · FITC fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate · GTX glycerol-Triton-X 100 · LAMP lysosome-associated membrane protein · LGP lysosomal glycoprotein · LY-CH lucifer yellow carbohydrazide · MPR mannose 6-phosphate receptor · PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis · PBS phosphate-buffered saline · PEG polyethylene glycol · PFA paraformaldehyde · PIPES 1,4-piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic)acid · PMSF phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride · RT room temperature · SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate · TCA tetrachloric acid · TRIS tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane · TRITC tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate& b d y :

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“…Theory work has suggested that these two features may be connected, and that msh1-supported mtDNA recombination may assist segregation in the absence of a vertebrate-like germline bottleneck (Edwards et al, 2021). In some of these organisms, mitochondria are fragmented and highly motile, recalling structure and dynamics in plants (see next section) -for example, freshwater sponges (Wachtmann & Stockem, 1992).…”

Section: Specific Strategies Across Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and maintenance of mtDNA gene content across eukaryotes

Veeraragavan,

Johansen,

Johnston

2024

Preprint

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Across eukaryotes, most genes required for mitochondrial function have been transferred to, or otherwise acquired by, the nucleus. Encoding genes in the nucleus has many advantages. So why do mitochondria retain any genes at all? Why does the set of mtDNA genes vary so much across different species? And how do species maintain functionality in the mtDNA genes they do retain? In this review we will discuss some possible answers to these questions, attempting a broad perspective across eukaryotes. We hope to cover some interesting features which may be less familiar from the perspective of particular species, including the ubiquity of recombination outside bilaterian animals, encrypted chainmail-like mtDNA, single genes split over multiple mtDNA chromosomes, triparental inheritance, gene transfer by grafting, gain of mtDNA recombination factors, social networks of mitochondria, and the role of mtDNA disease in feeding the world. We will discuss a unifying picture where organismal ecology and gene-specific features together influence whether organism X retains mtDNA gene Y, and where ecology and development together determine which strategies, importantly including recombination, are used to maintain the mtDNA genes that are retained.

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Significance of the cytoskeleton for cytoplasmic organization and cell organelle dynamics in epithelial cells of fresh-water sponges

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Polarity and endoplasmic microtubules in food‐conducting cells of mosses: an experimental study

Polarity and endoplasmic microtubules in food‐conducting cells of mosses: an experimental study

Intracellular pathways and degradation of endosomal contents in basal epithelial cells of freshwater sponges (Porifera, Spongillidae)

Evolution and maintenance of mtDNA gene content across eukaryotes

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