Significance of soil enzymes in agriculture

Gunjal, Aparna; Waghmode, M.S.; Patil, N.N.; Nawani, Neelu

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818307-6.00009-3

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…SO 4 2− is also taken into microorganisms and plants to become fixed, and then transformed into SOM. Diverse soil microbial enzymes play key biochemical functions in the process of SOM decomposition, and their activity can be used as an index of the changes in the intensity level of soil biological processes, and is usually correlated with SOM physical and chemical properties [56,57]. The process of mineralization of sulfur-containing organic compounds and their transformation into bioavailable forms is catalysed by specific enzymes, including arylsulfatase sulphohydrolase (AR) (EC 3.1.6.1.…”

Section: Sulphur In the Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of mineralization of sulfur-containing organic compounds and their transformation into bioavailable forms is catalysed by specific enzymes, including arylsulfatase sulphohydrolase (AR) (EC 3.1.6.1. ), rhodanese (or thiosulphate reductase) (RD) (EC 2.8.1.1), and transferases [50,57]. AR enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of aromatic sulfate esters to inorganic SO 4 2− by splitting the O-S bond (reviewed in Scherer et al [45]).…”

Section: Sulphur In the Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting Sulphur—The Once Neglected Nutrient: It’s Roles in Plant Growth, Metabolism, Stress Tolerance and Crop Production

et al. 2021

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Sulphur plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, with its functions ranging from being a structural constituent of macro-biomolecules to modulating several physiological processes and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In spite of these numerous sulphur roles being well acknowledged, agriculture has paid scant regard for sulphur nutrition, until only recently. Serious problems related to soil sulphur deficiencies have emerged and the intensification of food, fiber, and animal production is escalating to feed the ever-increasing human population. In the wake of huge demand for high quality cereal and vegetable diets, sulphur can play a key role in augmenting the production, productivity, and quality of crops. Additionally, in light of the emerging problems of soil fertility exhaustion and climate change-exacerbated environmental stresses, sulphur assumes special importance in crop production, particularly under intensively cropped areas. Here, citing several relevant examples, we highlight, in addition to its plant biological and metabolism functions, how sulphur can significantly enhance crop productivity and quality, as well as acclimation to abiotic stresses. By this appraisal, we also aim to stimulate readers interests in crop sulphur research by providing priorities for future pursuance, including bettering our understanding of the molecular processes and dynamics of sulphur availability and utilization in plants, dissecting the role of soil rhizospherical microbes in plant sulphur transformations, enhancing plant phenotyping and diagnosis for nutrient deficiencies, and matching site-specific crop sulphur demands with fertilizer amendments in order to reduce nutrient use inefficiencies in both crop and livestock production systems. This will facilitate the proper utilization of sulphur in crop production and eventually enhance sustainable and environmentally friend food production.

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Section: Sulphur In the Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sulphur In the Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Sulphur—The Once Neglected Nutrient: It’s Roles in Plant Growth, Metabolism, Stress Tolerance and Crop Production

et al. 2021

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“…Some enzymes are important in organic material decomposition, organic matter transformation, nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation, detoxification of hazardous substances such as xenobiotics, pesticides, pharmaceutical and personal care products, etc., and thus regulate the ecosystem ( Gunjal et al, 2019 ). We studied eight hydrolase enzymes because they participate in metabolic processes during organic matter decomposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences of Enzymatic Activity During Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge Mixed With Straw Pellets

2022

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The study aims were focused on profiling eight hydrolytic enzymes by fluorescence method using a multifunctional modular reader and studying the proportion of basic microorganism groups during composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge mixed with straw pellets in several proportions (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The greatest decrease in enzymatic activity occurred in the first half of composting and vermicomposting. After 4 months of these processes, the least enzymatic activity was observed in the sludge with 50% and also 25% straw addition, indicating that straw is an important means for the rapid production of mature compost from sewage sludge. Enzymatic activity was usually less in the presence of earthworms than in the control treatment because some processes took place in the digestive tract of the earthworm. For the same reason, we observed reduced enzyme activity during fresh feedstock vermicomposting than precomposted material. The final vermicompost from fresh feedstocks exhibited less microbial biomass, and few fungi and G− bacteria compared to precomposted feedstock. The enzymatic activity during composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge and their mixtures stabilized at the following values: β-D-glucosidase—50 μmol MUFG/h/g dw, acid phosphatase—200 μmol MUFP/h/g dw, arylsulphatase—10 μmol MUFS/h/g dw, lipase—1,000 μmol MUFY/h/g dw, chitinase—50 μmol MUFN/h/g dw, cellobiohydrolase—20 μmol MUFC/h/g dw, alanine aminopeptidase—50 μmol AMCA/h/g dw, and leucine aminopeptidase—50 μmol AMCL/h/g dw. At these and lesser values, these final products can be considered mature and stable.

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“…The nutrient cycle in the soil includes biochemical and physicochemical processes involving microorganisms, plant roots and soil functions [1,2]. The main source of soil enzymes is microbial biomass, even they can also come from animal and plant residue [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Analyses in Soils

Bilen

Turan

2021

Springer Protocols Handbooks

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Soil enzymes are included in the process of decomposition of the organic matter. The essential virtue of using enzyme assays for soil is that they are comparatively simple and mostly available analytical methods. However, since enzyme analysis results vary with the biological chemical, physical properties of soils, analytical methods may not reflect the true results. With the developing technology, the enzyme analysis methods used in soil enzyme analysis should be updated with new methods. The purpose of this section is to procure information regarding current methods that can be determined with new technologies in soil enzyme analysis.

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Significance of soil enzymes in agriculture

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Revisiting Sulphur—The Once Neglected Nutrient: It’s Roles in Plant Growth, Metabolism, Stress Tolerance and Crop Production

Revisiting Sulphur—The Once Neglected Nutrient: It’s Roles in Plant Growth, Metabolism, Stress Tolerance and Crop Production

Differences of Enzymatic Activity During Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge Mixed With Straw Pellets

Enzymatic Analyses in Soils

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