Significance of orbital fatty tissue for exophthalmos in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Abstract

The results show that the orbital fatty tissue involvement is closely related to the degree of exophthalmos. For studying exophthalmos in TAO, the volumetric change, not only in ocular muscles, but also in orbital fatty tissue, should be taken into consideration.

Magnetic resonance imaging determination of extraocular eye muscle volume in patients with thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy and proptosis

“…This observation contrasts with the findings of a previous study, in which it was demonstrated that OFT involvement was related to the degree of exophthalmus (Nishida et al 2002). One explanation might be that it is not possible to compare the studies as the clinical status of the thyroid eye disease (NOSPEC score and CAS) was not reported.…”

Establishment of magnetic resonance imaging 3D reconstruction technology of orbital soft tissue and its preliminary application in patients with thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy

“…Specifically, Kim, et al have used the Syngo software (V2007, Argus) to automatically measure the maximum cross‐sectional area of extraocular muscles and the bony orbital region, with the ratio between these 2 measurements defined as an index for evaluating TAO disease activity. Tian, Nishida and Higashiyama et al have used manual segmentation of orbital MRI scans to calculate the area in each layer, which is then multiplied by slice thickness to obtain the volume of each slice; all calculated volumes were then summed to obtain the entire volume of orbital fat and extraocular muscles. Aydin et al have used measurement software to calculate the ratio of the short diameter to the long diameter of the extraocular muscles based on orbital MRI scans.…”

Prolapso de gordura orbitária e oftalmopatia de Graves

“…O aumento da gordura orbitária na oftalmopatia de Graves é fator primordial da exoftalmia, principalmente quando ocorre na região anterior da órbita (9) e, se associado ao prolapso da gordura orbitária, torna-se importante no desencadeamento da neuropatia óptica (10) .As alterações do tecido adiposo podem acontecer isolada ou simultaneamente às do volume da musculatura extraocular (6,11) .A constatação das alterações na gordura intraorbitária e na musculatura extraocular é realizada pelos exames de imagem (6,(9)(10)(11)(12) . O acometimento das órbitas pode ser a primeira apresentação da doença de Graves manifestando-se mesmo na ausência de evidências clínicas e bioquímicas de disfunção tireoidiana (6,8,12) .…”