Significance of morphological features in schizophrenia of a Chinese population

Huang, Chun-Jung; Chiu, Hsien Jane; Lan, Tsuo Hung; Wang, Hsiao Fan; Kuo, Sheng Wen; Chen, Shuo Fei; Yu, Yen Hsin; Liu, Yun Ru; Hu, Tsung‐Ming; Loh, El Wui

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.06.004

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Bacanu et al [28] explained that the height and schizophrenia disorder are likely to have mostly overlapping genetic causes of discordant effect. Body height was used to relativize the value of head circumference, and this ratio was signifi-cantly higher in a study by Mishra et al [29], which is also in line with results of Huang et al [8]. Our study confirmed these findings only in male population -circumference relative to body height has been revealed as a significantly greater ratio in male schizophrenia patients, but without any statistically significant difference in the total sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…MPAs were defined for the first time by Marden [4] as anomalies which are neither of medical nor cosmetic consequence to the patient, occurring in diverse body regions, such as craniofacial region, mouth, eye, ear, hand and feet region. MPAs in behavioral disorders were initially studied in children as associated anomalies with behavioral disturbances; later, they were recognized as indicative in schizophrenia disorders [1,[5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Craniofacial measures and minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia in a cohort of Serbian population

et al. 2019

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Introduction/Objective Craniofacial dysmorphology has been shown as the most prominent among physical anomalies in schizophrenia patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of craniofacial anomalies in Serbian schizophrenia patients. Methods A list of 27 minor physical anomalies (modified Waldrop scale) and nine ratios of craniofacial measures was used to detect the presence of craniofacial dysmorphology in 126 schizophrenia patients and 124 healthy controls. Results Compared to the healthy subjects, schizophrenia patients had significantly higher rates of the following minor physical anomalies: fine hair, two or more hair whorls, fused eyebrows, wide nose basis, low-seated ears, high steepled and high flat palate, and furrowed tongue (most prevalent were vertical fissures and diffusely distributed fissures) with significance of p ≤ 0.001. The best predicting parameters for distinguishing between schizophrenics and controls were the inner canthus distance, the outer canthus distance, hair whorls (all at level p = 0.000), and high steepled palate (p ≤ 0.001). ConclusionThe results of the present study confirm the neurodevelopmental concept of schizophrenia, being potentially useful for further psychiatric-anthropological research. Clinical significance is reflected in the possibility of monitoring the potential mental illness in childhood through potential ectodermal markers, as well as the possibility of their comparison with the psychological profile in early adolescence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial measures and minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia in a cohort of Serbian population

et al. 2019

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“…A number of studies have indicated that some phenotypic differences could be the predictors for certain diseases or syndromes. For example, the relationship between phenotype and schizophrenia has been studied (Rosa et al, ; Arato et al, 2004; Huang et al, ). Some authors believe that a disturbed testosterone:estrogen hormone balance can be used as a marker and predictor for it (Manning and Bundred, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ratios of 2nd to 4th digit may be a predictor of schizophrenia in male patients

et al. 2015

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The production of androgens (mostly testosterone) during the early fetal stage is essential for the differentiation of the male brain. Some authors have suggested a relationship between androgen exposure during the prenatal period and schizophrenia. These two separate relationships suggest that digit length ratios are associated with schizophrenia in males. The study was performed in a university hospital between October 2012 and May 2013. One hundred and three male patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV using SCID-I, and 100 matched healthy males, were admitted to the study. Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) were used to assess schizophrenia symptoms. The second digit (2D) and fourth digit (4D) asymmetry index (AI), and the right- and left-hand 2D:4D ratios were calculated. All parametric data in the groups were compared using an independent t-test. The predictive power of the AI was estimated by receiver operating characteristics analysis. The 2D:4D AI was statistically significantly lower in the patient group than the healthy control comparison group. There were significant differences between the schizophrenia and the control groups in respect of left 2D:4D and right 2D:4D. There was no correlation between AI, left, or right 2D:4D, BPRS, or SAPS in the schizophrenia group. However, there was a negative correlation between left 2nd digit (L2D):4D and the SANS score. Our findings support the view that the 2D:4D AI can be used as a moderate indicator of schizophrenia. Even more simply, the right or left 2D:4D can be used as an indicator. L2D:4D could indicate the severity of negative symptoms.

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“…These children have no facial malformations but, rather, small, subtle dysmorphisms such as a low nasal bridge, markedly upslanting or downslanting palpebral fissures, small or prominent chin, low set ears, etc. (Huang et al, 2010 ). Normal people may have one or two such dysmorphisms, but they are not enough to characterize a “funny face.” Minor motor impairments may also hint at a neurological etiology (Daigneault and Braun, 2002 ; Batstra et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Processing Impairment in 22q11.2 (LCR22-4 to LCR22-5) Microdeletion: A Cognitive-Neuropsychological Case Study

et al. 2018

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Although progress has been made, the cognitive, biological and, particularly, the genetic underpinnings of math learning difficulties (MD) remain largely unknown. This difficulty stems from the heterogeneity of MD and from the large contribution of environmental factors to its etiology. Understanding endophenotypes, e.g., the role of the Approximate Number System (ANS), may help understanding the nature of MD. MD associated with ANS impairments has been described in some genetic conditions, e.g., 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS or Velocardiofacial syndrome, VCFS). Recently, a girl with MD was identified in a school population screening. She has a new syndrome resulting from a microdeletion in 22q11.2 (LCR22-4 to LCR22-5), a region adjacent to but not overlapping with region 22q11.2 (LCR22-2 to LCR22-4), typically deleted in VCFS. Here, we describe her cognitive-neuropsychological and numerical-cognitive profiles. The girl was assessed twice, at 8 and 11 years. Her numerical-cognitive performance at both times was compared to demographically similar girls with normal intelligence in a single-case, quasi-experimental study. Neuropsychological assessment was normal, except for relatively minor impairments in executive functions. She presented severe and persistent difficulties in the simplest single-digit calculations. Difficulties in commutative operations improved from the first to the second assessment. Difficulties in subtraction persisted and were severe. No difficulties were observed in Arabic number writing. Difficulties in single-digit calculation co-occurred with basic numerical processing impairments in symbolic and non-symbolic (single-digit comparison, dot sets size comparison and estimation) tasks. Her difficulties suggest ANS impairment. No difficulties were detected in visuospatial/visuoconstructional and in phonological processing tasks. The main contributions of the present study are: (a) this is the first characterization of the neuropsychological phenotype in 22q11.2DS (LCR22-4 to LCR22.5) with normal intelligence; (b) mild forms of specific genetic conditions contribute to persistent MD in otherwise typical persons; (c) heterogeneity of neurogenetic underpinnings of MD is suggested by poor performance in non-symbolic numerical processing, dissociated from visuospatial/visuoconstructional and phonological impairments; (d) similar to what happens in 22q11.2DS (LCR22-2 to LCR22-4), ANS impairments may also characterize 22q11.2DS (LCR22-4 to LCR22-5).

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Significance of morphological features in schizophrenia of a Chinese population

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Craniofacial measures and minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia in a cohort of Serbian population

Craniofacial measures and minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia in a cohort of Serbian population

The ratios of 2nd to 4th digit may be a predictor of schizophrenia in male patients

Numerical Processing Impairment in 22q11.2 (LCR22-4 to LCR22-5) Microdeletion: A Cognitive-Neuropsychological Case Study

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