Significance of Mitotic Spindle Fibre Orientation in the Neural Tube

Martin, Alexander H.

doi:10.1038/2161133a0

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Prior to its next mitosis the cell contracts to the ventricular margin. Many studies, including that of Martin (1967), have confirmed Sauer's (1935) observation that spindles of most mitotic cells in the ventricular layer are parallel to the ventricular surface. Our results confirm this pattern, for the retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Our results confirm this pattern, for the retina. Martin (1967) drew renewed attention to the minority of mitotic spindles which are oriented obliquely to the ventricular surface. He suggested that, during a "final" mitosis, the spindle is obliquely oriented, so that one daughter cell is formed a short distance from the ventricular surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a spindle were perpendicular to the external limiting membrane, one chromosome group of an anaphase or a telophase cell would, in a whole mount preparation, tend to obscure the other, and the cell might be mistakenly interpreted as in metaphase. The second issue is related (Martin, 1967) to Sauer's (1935) model of the interkinetic migration of nuclei in the developing neural tube, and is considered further under "Discussion. "…”

Section: Appearance and Interpretation Of Mitotic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Johns (1982) reported evidence that in the goldfish retina the genesis of some receptor cells occurs some distance from the If a developing retina is dissected away from the sclera, choroid, and pigment epithelium and prepared as a whole mount with its ventricular surface uppermost, the full population of mitotic cells in the ventricular layer at the time of death can readily be observed. Because the cells are intact, and because the axes of the mitotic spindles are (as elsewhere (Martin, 1967)) oriented predominantly parallel to the ventricular surface, it is relatively easy to interpret the stage of the mitotic cycle reached by individual cells. Because the retina is intact, it is relatively easy to reconstruct the topography of mitotic cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The topography of cytogenesis in the developing retina of the cat

Rapaport¹,

Stone²

1983

J. Neurosci.

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We have studied the pattern of cytogenesis in the developing retina of the cat, by observing mitotic cells in sections and whole mounts of the retinae of animals between the ages of E (embryonic day) 29 and P (postnatal day) 20. The whole mounts were prepared with the mitotic or ventricular layer uppermost; all of the mitotic cells in this layer could then be surveyed. In retinae from animals up to E46, mitotic cells were present in the ventricular layer at densities of 1000 to 3000 cells/mm2, and their density did not vary consistently with position in the retina. Thus cell division occurs throughout the retina at these ages, with an approximately constant spatial density. By E50, cytogenesis begins to cease and there is a significant pattern to the cessation. Initially, mitotic activity ceases over a small region of retina at the site of the developing area centralis. The nonmitotic area then increases with age, comprising the central 30 to 50% of the retina at birth and the whole of the retina by PlO. The pattern of cessation of cytogenesis is closely coincident in space and time with the development of the outer plexiform layer and the maturation of the ganglion cell layer described in previous studies. These patterns presumably contribute to the regional variations in structure apparent in the adult retina.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appearance and Interpretation Of Mitotic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The topography of cytogenesis in the developing retina of the cat

Rapaport¹,

Stone²

1983

J. Neurosci.

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“…This interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) model results in symmetric and asymmetric divisions of neuronal precursors (Chenn and McConnell, 1995). The orientation of mitotic cleavage regulates the production of neurons (Langman et al, 1966;Martin, 1967;McConnell, 1995). Vertical cleavages produce symmetric division to generate two identical daughter cells that stay in the VZ to maintain the progenitor pool (Berry and Rogers, 1965;Smart, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke Transiently Increases Subventricular Zone Cell Division from Asymmetric to Symmetric and Increases Neuronal Differentiation in the Adult Rat

Zhang¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

189

128

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The orientation of mitotic cleavage regulates neurogenesis during neural development. We examined the orientation of mitotic cleavage of dividing progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rats subjected to stroke. In nonstroke rats, 55% of dividing cells were oriented horizontally, whereas 40% were oriented vertically. Horizontal and vertical cleavage orientations produce asymmetric and symmetric divisions, respectively. Four days after stroke, the number of dividing cells increased twofold, whereas the proportion of symmetric dividing cells significantly ( p Ͻ 0.01) increased from 40% before stroke to 60%. Fourteen days after stroke, the percentage of symmetric dividing cells was 47%. Stroke-increased numbers of dividing cells in M-phase were confirmed by immuostaining. In nonstroke rats, 37 and 33% of symmetric and asymmetric dividing cells, respectively, exhibited a neuronal marker (TuJ1). Four days after stroke, rats exhibited a significant ( p Ͻ 0.05) augmentationofthefrequency(47%)ofneuronaldistributionshowingTuJ1immunoreactivityincellswithsymmetricdivisionbutnotcellswith asymmetric division (33%). Numb immunoreactivity was detected in SVZ cells of nonstroke rats. Stroke did not change Numb distribution. Our data suggest that neurons are produced by both asymmetric and symmetric cell divisions in the adult SVZ, and the transient increases in symmetric division and neuronal differentiation may result in stroke-induced neurogenesis.

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Role of nonrandomly oriented cell division in shaping and bending of the neural plate

1997

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Neural plate shaping and bending are crucial to the process of neural tube formation. Shaping requires intrinsic forces generated by alterations in neuroepithelial cell behavior, whereas bending requires similar intrinsic forces and extrinsic forces generated by alterations in cell behaviors outside the neural plate. This study evaluates the role of nonrandomly oriented cell division in neural plate shaping and epidermal ectoderm expansion during bending by examining mitotic spindle orientation in the neuroepithelium and epidermal ectoderm throughout neurulation. Neuroepithelial mitotic spindles are oriented preferentially in the rostrocaudal plane, suggesting a role for nonrandomly oriented (i.e., rostrocaudal) neuroepithelial cell division in longitudinal lengthening of the neural plate during shaping. Epidermal ectoderm mitotic spindles are oriented preferentially in both rostrocaudal and mediolateral planes, suggesting a role for nonrandomly oriented cell division in epidermal ectoderm elongation and expansion. In neural plate and epidermal ectoderm isolates separated prior to shaping and bending, mitotic spindles continued to be oriented preferentially in the rostrocaudal plane; however, a preferential mediolateral mitotic spindle orientation could not be demonstrated in the epidermal ectoderm isolates. We conclude that the nonrandom rostrocaudal orientation of cell division in the neuroepithelium and epidermal ectoderm is an autonomous process, occurring in the absence of forces from adjacent tissues, whereas the nonrandom mediolateral orientation of cell division in the epidermal ectoderm is dependent upon interactions with the neural plate.

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Significance of Mitotic Spindle Fibre Orientation in the Neural Tube

Cited by 45 publications

References 5 publications

The topography of cytogenesis in the developing retina of the cat

The topography of cytogenesis in the developing retina of the cat

Stroke Transiently Increases Subventricular Zone Cell Division from Asymmetric to Symmetric and Increases Neuronal Differentiation in the Adult Rat

Role of nonrandomly oriented cell division in shaping and bending of the neural plate

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