Significance of IgA antibody testing for early detection of SARS‐CoV‐2

Wang, Pei

doi:10.1002/jmv.26703

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Immune function is a strong barrier against invasive pathogens. SARS-Cov-2 targets surface cells throughout the respiratory system including in the lungs; has an average incubation of six days; and has a slow disease progression 35 . The adaptive immune response may kick in before the target cells are depleted, slowing the infection and interfering with the innate immune response's ability to kill off most of the virus quickly 36 – 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic profiles of SARS-Cov-2 infection from five Chinese family clusters in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

Kong

Geng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Although several cases of family clusters with SARS-Cov-2 infection have been reported, there are still limited data preventing conclusions from being drawn regarding the characteristics and laboratory findings in the COVID-19 population within family clusters. In the present study, we retrospectively collected five family clusters with COVID-19 and summarized the dynamic profiles of the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, immune markers, treatment and prognosis of this population. Furthermore, we also compared clinical and laboratory data between the SARS-Cov-2 infection with family cluster (n = 21) and those without family cluster (n = 16). We demonstrated that the duration of SARS-Cov-2 replication might be varied based on the different family clusters due to their different genetic backgrounds. The onset improved lung radiology might start at the end of the SARS-Cov-2 positive period. Furthermore, the obtained results demonstrated that similar basic characteristics and clinical findings seem to exist between the cases with SARS-Cov-2 and without family clusters. The serum level of ferritin might have a different biological function and be a new biomarker for the family cluster. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic profiles of SARS-Cov-2 infection from five Chinese family clusters in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

Kong

Geng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Many authors argued that the immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection targets the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or other parts of the protein subunits [ 1 ]. Some authors described an early humoral immune response of IgA in COVID-19 patients, which provides a more rapid diagnosis and better tool for prognosis compared with IgM [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The medium seroconversion time for IgA is 4–6 days after the onset of symptoms [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune, Inflammatory and Hematological Response in COVID-19 Patients, According to the Severity of the Disease

et al. 2023

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune and inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients by dosing specific IgM and IgG total antibodies and interleukin 6, correlating them with the hematological and biochemical blood parameters and comparing them by the form of the disease. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty-five patients with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19, hospitalized between 15.03.2020 and 1.07.2020 in the Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva” Iaşi, were tested by chemiluminescence for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG and IL-6 in the serum. The results were correlated with the results of the CBC count and serum biochemical parameters detected on the admission day. The patients presented different forms of the disease (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical) according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for the clinical management of COVID-19. Results: The amplitude of the immune response was directly correlated with the form of the disease. In the asymptomatic/mild form patients, the IL-6 and CRP concentrations were significantly higher and eosinophil count was significantly lower compared with the reference interval. In the moderate form, the concentrations of IL-6, CRP, and IgG were significantly higher, compared with the reference interval, while eosinophil count and eGFR were significantly lower. In severe/critical COVID-19 patients, IL-6, CRP, NLR, PLR, glucose, AST, urea, creatinine, and eGFR were significantly higher compared with the reference interval, while eosinophil count was significantly lower. IL-6 boosted in all forms of COVID-19, with a major increase in severe and critical patients. IL-6, neutrophil count, % neutrophils, NLR, PLR, CRP, AST, and urea increased with the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the lymphocyte count, % lymphocytes, eosinophil count, % eosinophils, and hemoglobin decreased with the increased severity of COVID-19. Conclusions: The amplitude and the moment of appearance of the immune response depended on the form of the disease. IgM generally occurred in the first 14 days of illness, and IgG appeared beginning with the second week of disease. IgG titer increased rapidly until the fourth week of disease and decreased slowly after 4 weeks. The amplitudes of all the tested inflammatory and serological markers depended on the COVID-19 form, increasing somewhat in the moderate forms and even more in the critical ones. The lymphocyte and eosinophil count are able to predict the risk of severe COVID-19.

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“…However, the IgM and IgA anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies develop rapidly in response to the infection, and their detection can significantly increase the diagnostic sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, when serological tests are combined with molecular tests [9]. In particular, IgA antibodies play an important role in mucosal immunity, where IgA may be a better marker of early infection than IgM [10][11][12]. However, most COVID-19 serological tests are based on the detection of IgM and/or IgG antibodies [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance estimation of two in-house ELISA assays for COVID-19 surveillance through the combined detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG immunoglobulin isotypes

et al. 2023

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The main objective of this study was to estimate the performance, under local epidemiological conditions, of two in-house ELISA assays for the combined detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG immunoglobulins. A total of 94 serum samples were used for the assessment, where 44 corresponded to sera collected before the pandemic (free of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies), and 50 sera were collected from confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the main public hospital in the city of Valdivia, southern Chile. The Nucleocapsid (Np) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins were separately used as antigens (Np and RBD ELISA, respectively) to assess their diagnostic performance. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to estimate the optical density (OD) cut-off that maximized the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the ELISA assays. Np ELISA had a mean Se of 94% (95% CI = 83.5–98.8%) and a mean Sp of 100% (95% CI = 92.0–100%), with an OD 450 nm positive cut-off value of 0.88. On the other hand, RBD ELISA presented a mean Se of 96% (95% CI = 86.3–99.5%) and a mean Sp of 90% (95% CI = 78.3–97.5%), with an OD 450 nm positive cut off value of 0.996. Non-significant differences were observed between the Se distributions of Np and RBD ELISAs, but the latter presented a significant lower Sp than Np ELISA. In parallel, collected sera were also analyzed using a commercial lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay (LFCI), to compare the performance of the in-house ELISA assays against a commercial test. The LFCI had a mean sensitivity of 94% (95% CI = 87.4–100%) and a mean specificity of 100% (95% CI = 100–100%). When compared to Np ELISA, non-significant differences were observed on the performance distributions. Conversely, RBD ELISA had a significant lower Sp than the LFCI. Although, Np ELISA presented a similar performance to the commercial test, this was 2.5 times cheaper than the LFCI assay (labor cost not considered). Thus, the in-house Np ELISA could be a suitable alternative tool, in resource limited environments, for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting further epidemiological studies.

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Significance of IgA antibody testing for early detection of SARS‐CoV‐2

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Dynamic profiles of SARS-Cov-2 infection from five Chinese family clusters in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

Dynamic profiles of SARS-Cov-2 infection from five Chinese family clusters in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

The Immune, Inflammatory and Hematological Response in COVID-19 Patients, According to the Severity of the Disease

Performance estimation of two in-house ELISA assays for COVID-19 surveillance through the combined detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG immunoglobulin isotypes

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