Significance of glass transition temperature to polymer latex stabilisation by nonionic surfactants

Haq, Z.; Thompson, L.

doi:10.1007/bf01465442

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The T g s and T m s for samples produced in emulsion are lower than those of samples synthesized in the solution system. This likely shows the effects of the addition of n -hexadecane (costabilizer) and DOWFAX 8390 (surfactant) to the polymer latex, where they act as plasticizers. − Some n -hexadecane molecules may be present after the precipitation of polymer samples in methanol as it is insoluble in methanol at room temperature . As mentioned in the previous section, the existence of melting points for samples with high concentrations of C13MA in miniemulsion polymerization can be due to the presence of long-chain methacrylic esters (e.g., C12MA or C14MA).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroxide-Mediated Miniemulsion Polymerization of Bio-Based Methacrylates

Tajbakhsh

Hajiali

Marić

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Nitroxide-mediated homopolymerization and statistical copolymerization of commercially available methacrylates derived from sustainable feedstocks (isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) and a mixture of methacrylic esters with an average alkyl side chain length of 13 units (termed C13MA)) was conducted in organic solvent (toluene) and in dispersed aqueous media using an oil-soluble unimolecular initiator (Dispolreg 007) without any controlling comonomers in a controlled manner. IBOMA homopolymerization in emulsion at 83−100 °C revealed the optimal polymerization temperature of 90 °C giving relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (1.46 < dispersities (Đ) < 1.58) and conversion up to 83% in a relatively short time (2 h). IBOMA/C13MA statistical copolymerizations yielded copolymers with tunable glass transition temperature (T g ) prepared in emulsion (−52 °C < T g < 123 °C) and in organic solvent (−40 °C < T g < 169 °C). Resins made in emulsion at 90 °C proceeded up to 92.7% conversion with monomodal molecular weight distributions (M̅ n up to 68,000 g mol −1 and Đ = 1.62−1.72) and were colloidally stable (24% solids and final average particle sizes of 270−481 nm). Furthermore, chain end fidelity was verified by chain extensions with IBOMA and C13MA monomers in both emulsion and organic solvent. These results constitute a readily scalable route to make polymers via nitroxide-mediated polymerization with controlled architecture using biobased feedstocks without the hazards of bulk or homogeneous organic solvent polymerization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroxide-Mediated Miniemulsion Polymerization of Bio-Based Methacrylates

Tajbakhsh

Hajiali

Marić

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…During this study, the wet films dried very quickly, most likely because of the dry conditions of the laboratory, which favored the blending of the amine oxides into the dry film. Furthermore, when the solutions are heated at a temperature beyond the Tg of the polymer, which was the case during this study, the polymer particles become softer [56]. The hydrophobic tail of the non-ionic surfactants stabilizing their surface will then partly penetrate into the particles, increasing even more their presence into the dry film.…”

Section: Properties Of the Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Interactions between a Buffered Amine Oxide Impregnation Carrier and an Acrylic Resin, and Their Relationship with Moisture

2020

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Wood used outdoor is subjected to different sources of degradation and should be protected properly. In this study, acrylic resins were added to a wood impregnation system using amine oxides and propiconazole, an organic fungicide, to create a two-part wood protection preservation treatment. Since amine oxides can diffuse readily into wood, this treatment protected both the surface and inner structure of the treated wood following a simple dipping. Many aspects of the treatment were studied: the adhesion of the acrylic coatings, their permeability to water, and the impregnation depth of the propiconazole. In each case, a particular attention was accorded to the interactions between the resins and the impregnation system. Adhesion and permeability tests were coupled with an artificial aging process simulating severely wet conditions. Amine oxides reduced the adhesion of the coatings but did not impair their aging properties. Because of their hydrophilic nature, they also increased the permeability to liquid water, although they did not affect the air moisture permeability. The penetration of the propiconazole, estimated with a dye, decreased with the resin. Overall, the two parts of the treatment lightly impaired each other, but the practical aspect of this treatment may overcome these disadvantages.

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“…As it is an inherent property, the existence of a single and sharp, or a single and broad, or a shifted, transition for a particular polymer composition provides information about the microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of the polymer [14,15].…”

Section: Glass Transition Temperatures A) Water Dialysed Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonionic latices in aqueous media part 1. Preparation and characterization of polystyrene latices

Ottewill

Satgurunathan

1987

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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A series of non-ionic polystyrene latices in aqueous media containing particles with a narrow size distribution have been prepared using a nonyl phenol poly(ehylene glycol) condensate as the surfactant, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate) as the comonomer/stabilizer, and ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide as the initiator system. As a control synthesis for comparison with the above latex, a charge stabilized polystyrene latex was prepared, using an anionic surfactant and potassium persulphate as the initiator. Latices employing a combination of charge plus steric stabilization mechanisms were also prepared, in order to investigate the effect of the non-ionic surfactant and the comonomet/stabilizer. The particle size of the latices was measured by transmission electron microscopy, the surface charge density by conductimetric titration and the glass transition temperature of the polymer by differential scanning calorimetry. The latex prepared using non-ionic ingredients, showed no titratable charge and exhibited a profound lowering of the glass transition temperature, with respect to the charge stabilized latex. On the basis of these results, schematic models for the polymerization mechanism and the morphology of the latex particles are proposed.

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Significance of glass transition temperature to polymer latex stabilisation by nonionic surfactants

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Nitroxide-Mediated Miniemulsion Polymerization of Bio-Based Methacrylates

Nitroxide-Mediated Miniemulsion Polymerization of Bio-Based Methacrylates

Interactions between a Buffered Amine Oxide Impregnation Carrier and an Acrylic Resin, and Their Relationship with Moisture

Nonionic latices in aqueous media part 1. Preparation and characterization of polystyrene latices

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