Significance of Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) and CMV (HHV-5) infection among subtype-C human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals

Sachithanandham, Jaiprasath; Kannangai, Rajesh; Pulimood, SA; Desai, Anita; Abraham, AM; Abraham, O C; Ravi, Vasanthapuram; Samuel, Prasanna; Sridharan, Gopalan

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.136558

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…1 Management in this setting includes reduction of immunosuppression and nitazoxanide. 2 In our patient, histological examination of the gastric biopsy led to the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection. Cryptosporidium infection with gastric involvement is rarely reported in literature and its detection upon histological examination of the stomach should raise the concern of immunodeficiency.…”

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confidence: 67%

“…The diagnosis is clinical. A lesion biopsy should be performed when the lesion has an unusual appearance or is ulcerated 2 …”

Section: Answermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…can mimic intestinal graft versus host disease and both pathologies can coexist. 2,3 The diagnosis is usually confirmed by stool microscopy, modified ZN stain or molecular testing. 1 Management in this setting includes reduction of immunosuppression and nitazoxanide.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A lesion biopsy should be performed when the lesion has an unusual appearance or is ulcerated. 2 In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, OHL generally resolves with cART, when CD4 + cell count rises above 300 cells/ mm 3 . The progression of OHL to carcinoma is extremely rare.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oral hairy leukoplakia: A sign of severe HIV‐mediated immunosuppression

2022

J Paediatrics Child Health

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confidence: 67%

“…The diagnosis is clinical. A lesion biopsy should be performed when the lesion has an unusual appearance or is ulcerated 2 …”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Oral hairy leukoplakia: A sign of severe HIV‐mediated immunosuppression

2022

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…CMV can cause compartmentalized disease involving different organs with different genotypes. There are reports in immuno compromised individuals with different genotypes [2,3]. Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained prior to conduct of the study (IEC-NI/08/DEC/07/46).…”

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confidence: 99%

CMV genotyping using different samples in post renal transplant recipients with CMV disease

Barani¹,

Mani²,

Sarangan³

et al. 2017

Can J Biotech

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CMV is the most common viral infection which occurs in post renal transplant recipients (PTR). There are four different gB genotypes (gB1 to gB4) which exist in CMV. Studies have reported that mixed infection with different genotypes will cause severe clinical manifestations as well as co-infection with other herpesvirus including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) [1]. CMV can cause compartmentalized disease involving different organs with different genotypes. There are reports in immuno compromised individuals with different genotypes [2,3]. Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained prior to conduct of the study (IEC-NI/08/DEC/07/46). Whole blood, saliva and urine were collected from PTR. DNA were extracted (Qiagen DNA mini kit) and CMV quantitative PCR targeting ppUL83 gene was performed with CMV R-gene TM using an ABI 7900 Fast real time PCR (SDS Version: 2.4). PTR who had high viral load (>1000 copies/ml) in any three or two samples were included for CMV genotyping PCR targeting gB region (410-bp) [2]. DNA sequencing was performed in ABI 3730 GA platform by Sanger method and sequences were analysed by reference strains. A total of 24 samples were collected from 9 PTR. Among these four PTR had high viral load in all three samples (whole blood, urine & saliva) and those with high viral load (n=5) in 2 samples (Whole blood & urine/saliva) were screened for CMV genotyping. Majority of the strains belonged to genotype B1 and only one PTR was infected with genotype B2 in three samples. In PTR with genotype B1, gastro intestinal infection (GI) was predominantly found in 78% (n=7) followed by graft dysfunction (GDF) in 56% (n=5) of the PTR. PTR who detected with genotype B2 was associated with fever, leukopenia (CMV syndrome), GDF and also found with EBV infection. Co-infection with EBV was observed in 44% (n=4); VZV and HSV type 1 was also observed. Genotypes are associated with the severity of the disease and co-infection with other herpes virus infections. In our study subjects, genotype B1 predominantly noted as reported in western countries. Study on distribution of genotypes among PTR may help to determine the specific strains for vaccine development.

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A Low Incidence of Cytomegalo Virus Infection Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Despite a High Seroprevalence

Devasia

Mammen

Korula

et al. 2018

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). We wanted to study if the high sero-prevalence seen in our population translated into a high incidence of CMV infection following SCT. This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent allogeneic SCT between January 2008 and December 2012 at our centre. 475 patients underwent allogeneic SCT for malignant (46.5%) and non-malignant (53.5%) haematological disorders. 463 (97.4%) SCT recipients and 403 (84.8%) SCT donors were IgG seropositive for CMV. CMV reactivation within 100 days post SCT was seen in 174 (36.6%) at a median of 41 days (range 10-100) post SCT. Ganciclovir was used in 166 patients (95.4%) for a mean duration of 16 days (range 5-32). 157 patients (90%) responded to therapy. Sixty-six patients (42.3%) had secondary reactivation of the virus. Use of a male donor (p = 0.000), donor and recipient age [ 15 (p = 0.005 and 0.000), unrelated donor (p = 0.000), degree of HLA mismatch (p = 0.000), occurrence of acute GVHD (p = 0.000) and steroid refractory acute GVHD (p = 0.026) were identified as risk factors for CMV reactivation while early neutrophil recovery (\ 15 days) was found to be protective (p = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, male donor (p = 0.042), degree of HLA mismatch (p = 0.006), the occurrence of acute GVHD (p = 0.000) and steroid refractory acute GVHD (p = 0.031) continued to remain significant. 5-year overall survival was significantly better in patients without CMV reactivation compared to those who developed reactivation of CMV (68.9 ± 3.7 vs 58.2 ± 4.9% p = 0.004). The incidence of CMV infection does not seem to be higher despite a high sero-prevalence of CMV. However, patients who developed CMV infection post SCT had inferior outcomes.

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Significance of Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) and CMV (HHV-5) infection among subtype-C human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Oral hairy leukoplakia: A sign of severe HIV‐mediated immunosuppression

Oral hairy leukoplakia: A sign of severe HIV‐mediated immunosuppression

CMV genotyping using different samples in post renal transplant recipients with CMV disease

A Low Incidence of Cytomegalo Virus Infection Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Despite a High Seroprevalence

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