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SuininuryPrecision of electrochemical measurements depends on the performance of the reference electrode. The progress in research on different reference systems for apeous and molten media is given in this compilation of literature. It is related to pulications from 1976 to 1989. Following the current trends for the development of miniaturized reference electrodes and those for Chemical Sensitive Semiconductor Devices, special attention is given to these research fields. Because of the overlapping importance for most of the reference systems the literature concerning problems of dvfusion poteittials is treated coherently.