Significance of diatom-derived polymers in carbon flow dynamics within estuarine biofilms determined through isotopic enrichment

Bellinger, Brent J.; Underwood, Graham J. C.; Ziegler, Susan E.; Gretz, Michael R.

doi:10.3354/ame01287

Cited by 70 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…It is probable that an individual phytoplankton strain or species is capable of producing multiple extracellular carbohydrates at the same time. This has been shown for benthic diatoms, whose extracellular carbohydrate production has been extensively studied over the last few years (Underwood & Paterson, 2003;Bellinger et al, 2005Bellinger et al, , 2009Abdullahi et al, 2006). Monosaccharides commonly found in extracellular carbohydrates released by marine phytoplankton include aldohexoses (glucose, galactose and mannose), aldopentoses (arabinose and xylose), deoxysugars (fucose and rhamnose), uronic acids (glucuronic acid) and amino sugars (Aluwihare et al, 1997;Biersmith & Benner, 1998;Aluwihare & Repeta, 1999;Magaletti et al, 2004;Kragh & Søndergaard, 2009).…”

Section: Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Thornton

2014

European Journal of Phycology

330

311

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The partitioning of organic matter (OM) between dissolved and particulate phases is an important factor in determining the fate of organic carbon in the ocean. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton is a ubiquitous process, resulting in 2-50% of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis leaving the cell. This loss can be divided into two components: passive leakage by diffusion across the cell membrane and the active exudation of DOM into the surrounding environment. At present there is no method to distinguish whether DOM is released via leakage or exudation. Most explanations for exudation remain hypothetical; as while DOM release has been measured extensively, there has been relatively little work to determine why DOM is released. Further research is needed to determine the composition of the DOM released by phytoplankton and to link composition to phytoplankton physiological status and environmental conditions. For example, the causes and physiology of phytoplankton cell death are poorly understood, though cell death increases membrane permeability and presumably DOM release. Recent work has shown that phytoplankton interactions with bacteria are important in determining both the amount and composition of the DOM released. In response to increasing CO 2 in the atmosphere, climate change is creating increasingly stressful conditions for phytoplankton in the surface ocean, including relatively warm water, low pH, low nutrient supply and high light. As ocean physics and chemistry change, it is hypothesized that a greater proportion of primary production will be released directly by phytoplankton into the water as DOM. Changes in the partitioning of primary production between the dissolved and particulate phases will have bottom-up effects on ecosystem structure and function. There is a need for research to determine how these changes affect the fate of organic matter in the ocean, particularly the efficiency of the biological carbon pump.

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Section: Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Thornton

2014

European Journal of Phycology

330

311

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“…Sugar composition can therefore be interpreted in terms of functionality for microorganisms. For instance, uronic acids have acidic groups which provide sites for sediment -organism interactions, so that they facilitate the fixation of cells to sediment (Bellinger et al, 2009). …”

Section: Variations In Eps Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With such mechanisms, microorganisms could better adapt their adhesion to the local current conditions. For instance, desoxy-monosaccharides like rhamnose and pentoses like xylose are able to promote adhesion to sediment because of their hydrophobicity (Bellinger et al, 2009). 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 16 growth factor for various organisms.…”

Section: Variations In Eps Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations of the composition of microbial biofilms in sandy tidal flats: Focus of fatty acids, pigments and exopolymers

Passarelli

Méziane

Thiney

et al. 2015

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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Biofilms, or microbial mats, are common associations of microorganisms in tidal flats; they generally consist of a large diversity of organisms embedded in a matrix of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). These molecules are mainly composed of carbohydrates and proteins, but their detailed monomer compositions and seasonal variations are currently unknown. Yet this composition determines the numerous roles of biofilms in these systems.This study investigated the changes in composition of carbohydrates in intertidal microbial mats over a year to decipher seasonal variations in biofilms and in varying hydrodynamic conditions. This work also aimed to assess how these compositions are related to microbial assemblages. In this context, natural biofilms whose development was influenced or not by artificial structures mimicking polychaete tubes were sampled monthly for over a year in intertidal flats of the Chausey archipelago. Biofilms were compared through the analysis of their fatty acid and pigment contents, and the monosaccharide composition of their EPS carbohydrates. Carbohydrates from both colloidal and bound EPS contained mainly glucose and, to a lower extent, galactose and mannose but they showed significant differences in their detailed monosaccharide compositions. These two fractions displayed different seasonal evolution, even if glucose accumulated in both fractions in summer; bound EPS only were affected by artificial biogenic structures. Sediment composition in fatty acids and pigments showed that microbial communities were dominated by diatoms and heterotrophic bacteria.Their relative proportions, as well as those of other groups like cryptophytes, changed between times and treatments. The changes in EPS composition were not fully explained by modifications of microbial assemblages but also depended on the processes taking place in sediments and on environmental conditions. These variations of EPS compositions are likely to alter different ecosystem processes such as biostabilisation or pollutants trapping.

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“…Miller & Dunton (2007) used 13 C to measure the photosynthesis of the macroalga Laminaria hyperborea. Middelburg et al (2000) and Bellinger et al (2009) used 13 C as a tracer to trace carbon flow through intertidal benthic biofilms dominated by diatoms and cyanobacteria. The tracer was added to the sediment at low tide and followed through the ecosystem over a period of hours to days.…”

Section: Isotopes As Tracers Of Aquatic Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Middelburg et al (2000) showed that carbon fixed through photosynthesis was transferred to bacteria and nematodes within hours. Bellinger et al (2009) examined the incorporation of the tracer into important biomolecules, including exopolymers (EPS) and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Photosynthesis rates have also been measured with the stable isotope 18 O by adding labeled water as a tracer and measuring the production of 18 O labeled oxygen with a mass spectrometer (Bender et al, 1987;Suggett et al, 2003).…”

Section: Isotopes As Tracers Of Aquatic Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Production in the Ocean

Thornton¹

2012

Advances in Photosynthesis - Fundamental Aspects

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Significance of diatom-derived polymers in carbon flow dynamics within estuarine biofilms determined through isotopic enrichment

Cited by 70 publications

References 73 publications

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Seasonal variations of the composition of microbial biofilms in sandy tidal flats: Focus of fatty acids, pigments and exopolymers

Primary Production in the Ocean

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