Significance of Circulating and Crevicular Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Chronic Periodontitis Association

Abstract

In the recent years, statistically significant associations between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal disease have been identified. Emerging as a chronic inflammatory joint disease, RA displays various features and pathogenetic events similar to chronic periodontitis (CP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of determining systemic and crevicular levels of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as potential biomarkers for association between RA and CP. A total of fifty-six patients were included in the study. The subjects were categorized into four groups as follows: healthy-control (n = 21), active RA (n = 16), CP (n = 14), and RA-CP association (n = 12). Assessment of serum and crevicular concentrations of total MMP-9 (active and pro-MMP-9) was based on ELISA technique. The results of this study showed statistically significant differences of serum MMP-9 between patients groups and control. Serum levels of MMP-9 were similar in RA and RA-CP associated patients. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) recorded increased MMP-9 levels in RA-CP association subjects as compared to CP. Considering that RA-CP association is characterized by a disregulation of the inflammatory response, MMP-9 may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA-CP association. MMP-9 is therefore a sensitive tool in the diagnosis and management of patients affected by this binomial association.

Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy Reduces Saliva Adipokine and Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels in Periodontitis

“…In fact, after the proteolytic breakdown of progranulin, small peptide fragments called granulins are released, and they have proinflammatory characteristics 8 . These granulins stimulate the release of IL‐8 from epithelial cells, which in turn acts as a chemoattractant for neutrophils 45 . These results indicate that the correlation of IL‐8 with progranulin is consistent with these studies.…”

Cytokines in gingivocrevicular fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients: A review of the literature

“…Moreover, patients with RA and gingivitis or periodontitis exhibited levels of MMP‐8 and ‐13 and TIMP‐1 that were similar to systemically healthy patients. GCF, but not serum, levels of MMP‐9 were also found to be higher in RA patients with periodontitis compared to periodontitis patients without RA (Silosi et al, ). With increasing severity of periodontal disease, increasing levels of MMP‐8 levels were observed in GCF of both RA patients and persons without RA (Kirchner et al, ).…”

“…Anti-inflammatory cytokines studied in GCF of RA patients were IL-4, IL-10, IL-18, and IL-17E. Four studies compared cytokines in GCF and serum (Cetinkaya, Guzeldemir, Ogus, & Bulut, 2013;Gümüş et al, 2013aGümüş et al, , 2013bSilosi et al, 2015). Some studies had overlapping study populations (Biyikoğlu et al, 2006(Biyikoğlu et al, , 2009Bozkurt, Berker, Akkuş, & Bulut, 2000;Bozkurt, Yetkin Ay, Berker, Tepe, & Akkuş, 2006;Gümüş et al, 2013aGümüş et al, , 2013b).…”

Pam3CSK4 Induces MMP-9 Expression in Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells

“…MMPs are the major proteases and their dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of several pathogensis disorders [29][30][31]. In obesity, MMP-9 may facilitate the infiltration of immune cells into the adipose tissue and could promote obesity-associated metabolic inflammation.…”