Significance of Changes in Plasma and Extracellular Volumes in Induced Hyperthermia and Hypothermia

Rodbard, Simon; Saiki, Hidemoto; Malin, Ashley J.; Young, C.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1951.167.2.485

Cited by 33 publications

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“…If the results we obtained with mild perfusion hypothermia can be applied to the more profound cooling produced by Chen and Chien, our experiments offer an explanation consistent with both the observations of Chen and Chien and others; i.e., pure plasma volume can leave the vascular compartment at the liver due to elevated sinusoid pressures, secondary to constriction of the hepatic outflow vessels. Our additional observation that water can also be lost during hypothermia as an ultrafiltrate is consistent with some (Svanes et al, 1970;Rodbard et al, 1951;Barbour, 1953;D'Amato and Hegnauer, 1953), but not all, of the observations of a decrease in plasma volume during hypothermia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…But was the increase in V o real or apparent? To assess this last point it was necessary to assess carefully fluid shifts, a phenomenon known to occur during hypothermia (Chen and Chien, 1977;Bass and Henschel, 1956;Rodbard et al, 1951;Hervey, 1973;Barbour, 1943), and to assess the possible role of the hepatic sphincter as a means of sequestering blood volume in the splanchnic bed. In the current study, the proportion of the decrease in extracorporeal reservoir blood volume that was due to the decrease in plasma volume was measured and accounted for before the change in V o was calculated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of the increased vascular capacity produced by mild perfusion hypothermia in the dog.

Green¹,

Jackman²

1979

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY The mechanism of the increased vascular capacity produced by perfusion hypothermia was investigated in 20 anesthetized dogs. A right heart bypass preparation separated cardiac output (CO) into splanchnic (Q.) and nonsplanchnic (termed peripheral, Q p ) flows. Each channel drained by gravity into an external reservoir. Blood was then returned to the pulmonary artery at a constant flow of 80 ml/kg per min. Venous resistance and compliance of splanchnic (Ry, and C,) and peripheral (Rv p and Cp) channels were calculated from transient and steady state volume shifts which occurred following rapid drops in venous pressure. Arterial pressure (P.), hematocrit (H), plasma protein concentration, and changes in reservoir volume (AV^.) were also measured. PERFUSION hypothermia is the means by which body temperature can be lowered by selectively cooling the temperature of blood passing through an extracorporeal circuit. It has been long recognized that mild perfusion hypothermia (decreasing temperature to around 30°C) produces a decrease in extracorporeal reservoir blood volume at constant pump flow or a decrease in venous return at constant blood volume (i.e., an increase in vascular capacity) in both man and dog (Brown, 1962;Drew, 1966;Gollan et al., 1952;Yeh et al., 1961;Lindberg, 1959;Oz et al., 1960;Pierucci et al., 1960). Although there are several books (Cooper and Ross, 1960;Blair, 1964;Popovic and Popovic, 1974) and innumerable papers in the literature covering the subject of hypothermia, there are relatively few physiological reports of the effects of perfusion hypothermia. Furthermore, a review of the literature indicates that differences of opinion exist concern- ing the mechanism(s) of the increase in vascular capacity produced by perfusion hypothermia. This study was undertaken in an attempt to clarify the mechanism(s) responsible for this increase in vascular capacity. Methods Surgical ProceduresTwenty mongrel dogs with a mean weight of 23.0 ± 0.53 (SE) kg were anesthetized with sodium thiamylal, 18 mg/kg, iv. The anesthesia was maintained with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen and halothane. A tracheotomy was performed and the dog was ventilated at an appropriate tidal volume and frequency for its size. A ventral laparotomy was then performed, followed by a splenectomy. The abdominal incision was not closed. The extracorporeal perfusion system used in this study (Fig. 1) has been described previously (Green, 1977;Green et al., 1978aGreen et al., , 1978b. In brief, the hepatic venous outflow of the splanchnic circulation and the circulation from the rest of the body, the peripheral channel, were isolated and cannulated. The venous return from these beds drained by gravity through separate Starling resistors and a Carolina Medical square wave electromagnetic flowmeter into an exby guest on

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of the increased vascular capacity produced by mild perfusion hypothermia in the dog.

Green¹,

Jackman²

1979

Circulation Research

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“…Why the plasma volume diminishes during hypothermia is not properly understood (see review by D. E. BASS and A. HENSCHEL Under deep hypothermia (20" C) the total amount of effectively circulating red blood cells was diminished. This induced S. RODBARD et al ( 1951) 27 to assume that whole blood is trapped in peripheral vessels. However, comparison between Groups I and I1 in the present investigation showed that the plasma volume was substantially diminished before any reduction occurred in the amount of hemoglobin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Blood Volume in Induced Hypothermia

Löfström

1957

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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“…Weitere Ergebnisse stfitzen sich auf Experimente, bei denen Umweltbedingungen (meist die Temperatur) kfinstlich ver/indert wurden, um die MeBwerte vor und nach der Veriinderung zu vergleichen [28,37]. Weitere Ergebnisse stfitzen sich auf Experimente, bei denen Umweltbedingungen (meist die Temperatur) kfinstlich ver/indert wurden, um die MeBwerte vor und nach der Veriinderung zu vergleichen [28,37].…”

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Jahreszeitliche Ver�nderungen diagnostisch wichtiger Blutbestandteile

et al. 1980

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In a comparative study, the differences between the values measured for 26 blood and serum components in both winter and summer were determined in 78 healthy subjects. Comparable conditions during the preparation of test persons, sampling, processing of specimens, and measurement were strictly observed. The term "season" is defined more precisely by meterological data. In the summer season, significantly higher values were found for leukocytes (9%), lactate dehydrogenase and MCHC (7% each), creatinine (7%, in women only), and MCH (1%) whereas significantly lower values were exhibited by aspartate aminotransferase (18%), alanine aminotransferase (14%), alkaline phosphatase (11%), glucose and packed cell volume (7% each), MCV (6%), total protein (2%), erythrocytes, albumin, sodium and chloride (1% each). These partly considerable alterations should be taken into account in the establishment of reference values and evaluation of laboratory findings (above all, when intraindividual comparison is involved). There were no significant alterations of the following parameters: hemoglobin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, urea, uric acid, creatinine (men only), bilirubin, cholesterol, total glycerol, potassium, calcium, and inorganic phosphate. In another series of experiments involving 32 test persons, the influence of different ambient temperatures during blood sampling on the above mentioned blood components was studied. Within the 18-30 degrees C range, no significant alterations were detected.

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Significance of Changes in Plasma and Extracellular Volumes in Induced Hyperthermia and Hypothermia

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanism of the increased vascular capacity produced by mild perfusion hypothermia in the dog.

Mechanism of the increased vascular capacity produced by mild perfusion hypothermia in the dog.

Changes in Blood Volume in Induced Hypothermia

Jahreszeitliche Ver�nderungen diagnostisch wichtiger Blutbestandteile

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