Significance of aquaporins’ expression in the prognosis of gastric cancer

Abstract

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancy at present with leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small, integral membrane proteins, which have been evidenced to play a crucial role in cell migration and proliferation of different cancer cells including gastric cancers. However, the aberrant expression of specific AQPs and its correlation to detect predictive and prognostic significance in gastric cancer remains elusive. In the present study, we comprehensively explored immunohistochemistry based map of protein expression profiles in normal tissues, cancer and cell lines from publicly available Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Moreover, to improve our understanding of general gastric biology and guide to find novel predictive prognostic gastric cancer biomarker, we also retrieved ‘The Kaplan–Meier plotter’ (KM plotter) online database with specific AQPs mRNA to overall survival (OS) in different clinicopathological features. We revealed that ubiquitous expression of AQPs protein can be effective tools to generate gastric cancer biomarker. Furthermore, high level AQP3, AQP9, and AQP11 mRNA expression were correlated with better OS in all gastric patients, whereas AQP0, AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, AQP8, and AQP10 mRNA expression were associated with poor OS. With regard to the clinicopathological features including Laurens classification, clinical stage, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and different treatment strategy, we could illustrate significant role of individual AQP mRNA expression in the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Thus, our results indicated that AQP’s protein and mRNA expression in gastric cancer patients provide effective role to predict prognosis and act as an essential agent to therapeutic strategy.

Combined Systematic Review and Transcriptomic Analyses of Mammalian Aquaporin Classes 1 to 10 as Biomarkers and Prognostic Indicators in Diverse Cancers

“…High levels of AQP1 protein were associated with the most aggressive subtypes of basal-like breast carcinomas [ 49 ]. Protein levels of AQP1 similarly were correlated with poor outcomes, high rates of recurrence and invasiveness in other cancers, including prostate adenocarcinoma [ 50 ], biliary tract carcinoma [ 172 ] and gastric cancer [ 55 ]. AQP3 is upregulated in the early stages of breast cancer, in response to fibroblast growth factor via FGFR–PI3K or FGFR–ERK signaling pathways, and estrogen [ 173 , 174 ].…”

“… Forest plots compiled for aquaporin (AQP) classes, with hazard ratio and confidence interval (CI) data extracted from the published literature, based on analyses of levels of protein, RNA or both. References listed in the figure as [ref] for data sources are as follows: [ 1 ] Angelico, 2018 [ 45 ]; [ 2 , 24 ] Bellezza, 2017 [ 46 ]; [ 3 ] Kang, 2015 [ 47 ]; [ 4 ] Kao, 2012 [ 48 ]; [ 5 ] Luo, 2017 [ 44 ]; [ 6 ] Otterbach, 2010 [ 49 ]; [ 7 ] Park, 2017 [ 50 ]; [ 8 ] Qin, 2016 [ 51 ]; [ 9 , 20 , 23 , 29 ] Sato, 2018 [ 52 ]; [ 10 ] Sekine, 2014 [ 53 ]; [ 11 ] Smith, 2019 [ 54 ]; [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 30 ] Thapa, 2018 [ 55 ]; [ 13 ] Yoshida, 2013 [ 56 ]; [ 16 ] Chae, 2015 [ 57 ]; [ 17 ] Liu, 2013 [ 58 ]; [ 18 , 28 ] Peng, 2016 [ 59 ]; [ …”

MiR-629-3p-induced downregulation of SFTPC promotes cell proliferation and predicts poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma

“…Additionally, LUNG CANCER EXPLORER was employed to further identify the expression of SFTPC mRNA between in lung cancer tissues and their matched normal tissues and the prognostic significance of SFTPC expression in lung cancer [30]. Furthermore, the HPA database was used to estimate SFTPC protein expression level in lung cancer tissues and normal tissues by analyzing immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining images [31][32][33]. Two online tools, including Target scan [34] and TACCO [35], were used to screen for candidate microRNAs probably targeting SFTPC mRNA to suppress its protein expression.…”

Aquaporin 3 Expression Pattern in Gastric Diseases and its significance

“…Dysregulation of AQPs could contribute to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastritis and gastric cancer [4][5][6]. AQP3 is one of the member of AQPs.…”

“…AQP3 is one of the member of AQPs. Accumulating evidence suggests that AQP3 is involved in the gastric carcinogenesis and the disease progression [5,6]. Increased expression of AQP3 has been found in more than 70% patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.…”