Signature of sexual conflict is actually conflict resolved

Mank, Judith E.; Shu, Jacelyn; Wright, Alison E.

doi:10.1111/mec.15311

Cited by 16 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Links between genomic parameters and sex-biased gene expression variation have been a somewhat contentious source of evidence of sexual selection, especially antagonistic forms of sexual selection (Kasimatis et al, 2019;Cheng & Kirkpatrick, 2020;Mank et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evolution supports signatures of sexual selection in genomic divergence

Wiberg

Veltsos

Snook

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Comparative genomics has contributed to the growing evidence that sexual selection is an important component of evolutionary divergence and speciation. Divergence by sexual selection is implicated in faster rates of divergence of the X chromosome and of genes thought to underlie sexually selected traits, including genes that are sex-biased in expression. However, accurately inferring the relative importance of complex and interacting forms of natural selection, demography and neutral processes which occurred in the evolutionary past is challenging. Experimental evolution provides an opportunity to apply controlled treatments for multiple generations and examine the consequences for genomic divergence. Here we altered sexual selection intensity, elevating sexual selection in polyandrous lines and eliminating it in monogamous lines, and examined patterns of divergence in the genome of Drosophila pseudoobscura after more than 160 generations of experimental evolution. Divergence is not uniform across the genome but concentrated in "islands", many of which contain candidate genes implicated in mating behaviours and other sexually selected phenotypes. These are more often seen on the X chromosome, which overall shows divergence above neutral expectations. There are also characteristic signatures of selection seen in these regions, with lower diversity and greater Fst on the X chromosome than the autosomes, and differences in diversity on the autosomes between selection regimes. Reduced Tajima's D implies that selective sweeps have occurred within the divergent regions, despite considerable recombination. These changes are associated with both differential gene expression between the lines and sex-biased gene expression within the lines. Our results are very similar to those thought to implicate sexual selection in divergence in natural populations, and hence provide experimental confirmation of the likely role of sexual selection in driving such types of genetic divergence, but also illustrate how variable outcomes can be for different genomic regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evolution supports signatures of sexual selection in genomic divergence

Wiberg

Veltsos

Snook

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Our results do in fact represent a real biological pattern. Mank et al (2020) argue that much of the signal of sex-specific selection that we found results from an artefact discussed by Bissegger et al (2020). That paper reported that in threespine stickleback some autosomal sites have been duplicated onto the Y chromosome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In their News and Views Perspective, Mank, Shu, and Wright (2020) suggest that the main result of our paper (Cheng & Kirkpatrick, 2016) is a bioinformatic artefact. We revealed that there are allele frequency differences (reflected by positive F ST ) between females and males at many sites across the human autosomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

The signal of sex‐specific selection in humans is not an artefact: Reply to Mank et al.

Cheng

Kirkpatrick

2020

Molecular Ecology

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“…When mapping whole-genome data to a female reference genome, sequence similarity between the male-specific Y chromosome and the autosomes can lead to the perception of allelic differences between males and females. Recent work has shown that that many genes with allelic sex differences are in fact autosomal loci that are either have recent Y duplicates (Bissegger et al 2019; Mank et al 2020) or otherwise display sequence homology to the Y (Kasimatis et al 2020). We can use differences in M:F read depth to identify these genes (Hall et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When using a female reference genome, reads from genes which have duplicates to the male- specific region of the Y chromosome will map back to original autosomal or X chromosome regions, resulting in elevated M:F coverage ratio (Bissegger et al 2019; Mank et al 2020). For example, if an autosomal gene has one Y duplication, we would expect three copies in males (two autosomal and one Y-linked) and two copies in females, and therefore an average M:F read depth of 1.5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene duplication to the Y chromosome in Trinidadian Guppies

Lin

Darolti

Furman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sexual conflict over survival produces two distinct population genetic signatures. Fluctuating selection in males and females produces balancing selection. Additionally, at conception, allele frequencies are the same in males and females. However, loci with alleles that benefit the survival of one sex at some survival cost to the other should diverge over the course of a generation. We therefore expect that sexual conflict over survival would produce both signatures of allelic differentiation between the sexes and balancing selection. However, given the substantial mortality costs required to produce allelic differences between males and females, it remains unclear how many loci within the genome, if any at all, experience significant sexual conflict over survival. We assessed the genomes of 120 wild-caught guppies, which are expected to experience substantial predation- and pathogen-induced mortality. We identified a core list of 15 high confidence genes that show allelic differences between male and female adults. However, eight of these show evidence of having duplicated copies on the Y chromosome, suggesting that the male-specific region of the guppy Y chromosome may act as a hotspot for the resolution of conflict. We recovered just seven genes with significant male-female allelic differentiation without evidence of Y duplication, and these show elevated Tajima's D, consistent with balancing selection from sexual conflict. Only one of these seven genes, Puf60b, shows substantial intersexual FST. Puf60b has roles in cognition and the immune system, suggesting substantial ongoing, unresolved sexual conflict related to predator and pathogen avoidance strategies.

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Signature of sexual conflict is actually conflict resolved

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Experimental evolution supports signatures of sexual selection in genomic divergence

Experimental evolution supports signatures of sexual selection in genomic divergence

The signal of sex‐specific selection in humans is not an artefact: Reply to Mank et al.

Gene duplication to the Y chromosome in Trinidadian Guppies

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