Signals from Chloroplasts Converge to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression

Koussevitzky, Shai; Nott, Ajit; Mockler, Todd C.; Hong, Fangxin; Sachetto-Martins, Gilberto; Surpin, Marci; Lim, Jason; Mittler, Ron; Chory, Joanne

doi:10.1126/science.1140516

Cited by 311 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moreover, AB14 can bind to the CE1 element of gene promoters to mediate carbohydrate and ABA-induced target gene expression [52]. ABI4 protein can also bind to CE1-like motif-derived motifs, such as S-box (CACYKSCA) [53] and CCAC motifs [54,55]. In our study, the promoter of NnSS1 in lotus contains CACCG, a CE1 coupling element.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

NnABI4-Mediated ABA Regulation of Starch Biosynthesis in Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Starch is an important component in lotus. ABA is an important plant hormone, which plays a very crucial role in regulating plant starch synthesis. Using ‘MRH’ as experimental materials, the leaves were sprayed with exogenous ABA before the rhizome expansion. The results showed that stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased while net photosynthetic rate increased. The total starch content of the underground rhizome of lotus increased significantly. Meanwhile, qPCR results showed that the relative expression levels of NnSS1, NnSBE1 and NnABI4 were all upregulated after ABA treatment. Then, yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assay suggested that NnABI4 protein can promote the expression of NnSS1 by directly binding to its promoter. In addition, subcellular localization results showed that NnABI4 encodes a nuclear protein, and NnSS1 protein was located in the chloroplast. Finally, these results indicate that ABA induced the upregulated expression of NnABI4, and NnABI4 promoted the expression of NnSS1 and thus enhanced starch accumulation in lotus rhizomes. This will provide a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of ABA regulating starch synthesis in plant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

NnABI4-Mediated ABA Regulation of Starch Biosynthesis in Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Chloroplasts are not only the center of metabolism and key biochemical reactions but also the central hub for sensing environmental information. Therefore, the development and function of chloroplasts are very sensitive to internal (e.g., phytohormone and metabolites) and external influences (e.g., temperature and light intensity) [47][48][49][50]. The organelle communication network plays an important role in coordinating the expression of nuclear genes for maintaining the development and function of chloroplasts under both normal and adverse growth conditions [8].…”

Section: Coe2 Is Involved In Regulating Plastid Retrograde Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

COE2 Is Required for the Root Foraging Response to Nitrogen Limitation

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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There are numerous exchanges of signals and materials between leaves and roots, including nitrogen, which is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth and development. In this study we identified and characterized the Chlorophyll A/B-Binding Protein (CAB) (named coe2 for CAB overexpression 2) mutant, which is defective in the development of chloroplasts and roots under normal growth conditions. The phenotype of coe2 is caused by a mutation in the Nitric Oxide Associated (NOA1) gene that is implicated in a wide range of chloroplast functions including the regulation of metabolism and signaling of nitric oxide (NO). A transcriptome analysis reveals that expression of genes involved in metabolism and lateral root development are strongly altered in coe2 seedlings compared with WT. COE2 is expressed in hypocotyls, roots, root hairs, and root caps. Both the accumulation of NO and the growth of lateral roots are enhanced in WT but not in coe2 under nitrogen limitation. These new findings suggest that COE2-dependent signaling not only coordinates gene expression but also promotes chloroplast development and function by modulating root development and absorption of nitrogen compounds.

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“…In wild-type Arabidopsis , inhibition of plastid translation during chloroplast development activates chloroplast retrograde signalling that results in strong transcriptional repression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (phANGs). In the Atgun1 mutant this transcriptional repression is defective, although not completely abolished (Figure 2, Koussevitzky et al ., 2007). We hypothesised that CoGUN1 and MpGUN1 can restore the GUN1-dependent repression of phANG in the Atgun1 mutant when plastid translation is inhibited.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…GUN1 has become the most studied PPR protein since the discovery of its role in plastid retrograde signalling 15 years ago (Koussevitzky et al ., 2007). Despite numerous attempts to pin down its function in this process, the molecular action of GUN1 remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While five out of the six GUN genes ( GUN2 - GUN6 ) encode for proteins involved in tetrapyrrole metabolism, the molecular mechanism of GUN1 function has remained unresolved. GUN1 is unique among the other GUN genes in that it is also required for chloroplast-to-nucleus signalling when plastid gene expression is inhibited (Susek et al ., 1993; Koussevitzky et al ., 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 protein has an ancient, highly conserved role in chloroplast gene expression but not in retrograde signalling

Honkanen

Small

2022

Preprint

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The pentatricopeptide repeat protein GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 (GUN1) is required for chloroplast-to-nucleus signalling in response to plastid stress during chloroplast development in Arabidopsis thaliana but its exact molecular function remains unknown. We analysed GUN1 sequences in land plants and streptophyte algae. We tested functional conservation by complementation of the Arabidopsis gun1 mutant with GUN1 genes from the streptophyte alga Coleochate orbicularis or the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. We also analysed the transcriptomes of M. polymorpha gun1 knock-out mutant lines during chloroplast development. GUN1 evolved within the streptophyte algal ancestors of land plants and is highly conserved among land plants but missing from the Rafflesiaceae that lack chloroplast genomes. GUN1 genes from C. orbicularis and M. polymorpha restore chloroplast retrograde signalling and suppress the cold-sensitive phenotype of the Arabidopsis gun1 mutant. However, GUN1 is not required for chloroplast retrograde signalling in the liverwort M. polymorpha. Our findings suggest that GUN1 is an ancient protein that evolved within the streptophyte algal ancestors of land plants before the first plants colonised land more than 470 million years ago. Its primary role is likely to be in chloroplast gene expression and its role in chloroplast retrograde signalling probably evolved more recently.

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Signals from Chloroplasts Converge to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression

Cited by 311 publications

References 39 publications

NnABI4-Mediated ABA Regulation of Starch Biosynthesis in Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)

NnABI4-Mediated ABA Regulation of Starch Biosynthesis in Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)

COE2 Is Required for the Root Foraging Response to Nitrogen Limitation

The GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 protein has an ancient, highly conserved role in chloroplast gene expression but not in retrograde signalling

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