Signalling crosstalk in light stress and immune reactions in plants

Abstract

The evolutionary history of plants is tightly connected with the evolution of microbial pathogens and herbivores, which use photosynthetic end products as a source of life. In these interactions, plants, as the stationary party, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense, signal and respond to the presence of external stress agents. Chloroplasts are metabolically versatile organelles that carry out fundamental functions in determining appropriate immune reactions in plants. Besides photosynthesis, chloroplasts host key steps in the biosynthesis of amino acids, stress hormones and secondary metabolites, which have a great impact on resistance against pathogens and insect herbivores. Changes in chloroplast redox signalling pathways and reactive oxygen species metabolism also mediate local and systemic signals, which modulate plant resistance to light stress and disease. Moreover, interplay among chloroplastic signalling networks and plasma membrane receptor kinases is emerging as a key mechanism that modulates stress responses in plants. This review highlights the central role of chloroplasts in the signalling crosstalk that essentially determines the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions in plants.

The Juvenile Phase of Maize Sees Upregulation of Stress-Response Genes and Is Extended by Exogenous Jasmonic Acid

“…Whereas throughout the growing season each new leaf expanding into light is likely also to experience such stress, in the case of the seedling, the entire shoot undergoes deetiolation. Chloroplasts are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells, and chloroplast-generated ROS are a main pathway of retrograde regulation (Estavillo et al, 2013;Trotta et al, 2014). ROS peroxidation of membrane lipids forms phytoprostanes, which induce some of the same stressresponsive networks as JA (Stotz et al, 2013).…”

Effects of low irradiation on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber during ripening stage

“…The ROS then regulate the antioxidant enzyme activities. Then plants have evolved a complex antioxidant system to prevent the harmful effects of ROS, such as the increase of SOD activity (Trotta et al 2014). But in long-term LI stress treatments, the antioxidant enzymes were inhibited beyond the adaptation and self-protection capacity of plants (Scalet et al 1995, Yang et al 2002, Zhou et al 2003.…”

Cross-talk between high light stress and plant defence to the two-spotted spider mite in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…In natural conditions optimization of photosynthesis is challenging, because plants cope not only with fluctuating light intensity but its efficiency is an outcome of a plant's response to a combination of biotic and abiotic stresses (Pandey et al 2015). Therefore, photosynthetic machinery is a fine-tuneable mechanism whose functioning cannot be considered only in the context of plant productivity, as it seems to play a dominant role in the regulation of plant stress resistance Trotta et al 2014). Increasing evidence reinforces the profound effect of light on plant resistance/susceptibility to biotic stresses (Göhre et al 2012;Hua 2013;Rasool et al 2014;Roden and Ingle 2009;Szechyńska-Hebda et al 2010).…”

“…In natural environments, plants are subjected to many simultaneous stresses which result in the activation of various signalling pathways that are integrated into one regulatory network (Koussevitzky et al 2007;Mittler 2002;Mühlenbock et al 2008;Trotta et al 2014). Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plants, as it provides the source of energy for photosynthesis and plays a key role in multiple plant developmental processes (Cerdán and Chory 2003;Jiao et al 2007;Kaiserli et al 2015).…”