2021
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020216
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Signaling Pathway Mediating Myeloma Cell Growth and Survival

Abstract: The multiple myeloma (MM) bone marrow (BM) microenvironment consists of different types of accessory cells. Both soluble factors (i.e., cytokines) secreted from these cells and adhesion of MM cells to these cells play crucial roles in activation of intracellular signaling pathways mediating MM cell growth, survival, migration, and drug resistance. Importantly, there is crosstalk between the signaling pathways, increasing the complexity of signal transduction networks in MM cells in the BM microenvironment, hig… Show more

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Cited by 47 publications
(45 citation statements)
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“…VLA-4, LFA-1, MUC-1, or CD40 present on MM cells bind to VCAM-1, ICAM-1, or CD40L on MSCs. Adhesion of tumor cells to MSCs activates many pathways resulting in an induction of cell cycle progression and anti-apoptotic proteins, and inhibition of pro-apoptotic signaling pathways in MM cells [ 72 , 73 , 74 ].…”
Section: Biological Roles Of Mscs In MM Pathologymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…VLA-4, LFA-1, MUC-1, or CD40 present on MM cells bind to VCAM-1, ICAM-1, or CD40L on MSCs. Adhesion of tumor cells to MSCs activates many pathways resulting in an induction of cell cycle progression and anti-apoptotic proteins, and inhibition of pro-apoptotic signaling pathways in MM cells [ 72 , 73 , 74 ].…”
Section: Biological Roles Of Mscs In MM Pathologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After binding with their receptors, these interleukins and growth factors trigger in tumor cells the activation of signaling pathways such as the JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, RAS and the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), which provoke not only tumor growth and survival but also drug resistance, migration, and dissemination of myeloma cells [ 72 , 73 ].…”
Section: Biological Roles Of Mscs In MM Pathologymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…They modulate adjacent cells to support their growth and drug resistance via production of cytokines, chemokines, and other cofactors. These messengers trigger signaling cascades including NF-κB, JAK2/STAT3, Hedgehog, Notch, TGFβ-, and Wnt pathway [ 11 ]. Furthermore, molecules within the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK as well as the PI3K/AKT-pathway are evolving as promising therapeutic targets [ 12 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…MM is highly dependent on the bone marrow microenvironment [18,19] . In recent years, research efforts have focused on understanding the role of the MM tumor microenvironment in MM to identify new targets and develop novel therapeutic approaches.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%