Signal transmission through degenerating synapses in the lateral geniculate body of the cat

Eysel, Ulf; ̈sser, O.-J. Gru; Saavedra, Jorge Pecci

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(74)90513-7

Cited by 20 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…While retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells progressed over a period of 2 weeks after ON crush, disruption of visual signal relay to the primary visual cortex was immediate and permanent, in line with previous reports that ultrastructurally, degeneration of ON terminals in the LGN occurs within 24 h, and signal transmission through retinogeniculate synapses ceases completely within 96 h (Eysel et al 1974). While there was a significant increase in intact-eye visual responses at 1 and 2 weeks after ON crush, the rate of spontaneous activity was reduced immediately after the ON crush and remained reduced, primarily because the proportion of hypoactive neurons was increased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…ON injury is an established model of axonal injury which results in anterograde (Wallerian) degeneration of the distal axon. Ultrastructural changes indicating degeneration of the ON terminals in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are observed within 24 h, and signal transmission through degenerating synapses deteriorates rapidly, ceasing completely within 96 h (Eysel et al 1974). This is followed by a decrease in neuronal some size in the LGN within a week; a decline in neuronal cell number and an increase in apoptotic cells is observed in V1 after 1 month (You et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasticity in Adult Mouse Visual Cortex Following Optic Nerve Injury

2019

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Optic nerve (ON) injury is an established model of axonal injury which results in retrograde degeneration and death of retinal ganglion cells as well anterograde loss of transmission and Wallerian degeneration of the injured axons. While the local impact of ON crush has been extensively documented we know comparatively little about the functional changes that occur in higher visual structures such as primary visual cortex (V1). We explored the extent of adult cortical plasticity using ON crush in aged mice. V1 function of the contralateral hemisphere was assessed longitudinally by intrinsic signal imaging and 2-photon calcium imaging before and after ON crush. Functional imaging demonstrated an immediate shift in V1 ocular dominance towards the ipsilateral, intact eye, due to the expected almost complete loss of responses to contralateral eye stimulation. Surprisingly, within 2 weeks we observed a delayed increase in ipsilateral eye responses. Additionally, spontaneous activity in V1 was reduced, similar to the lesion projection zone after retinal lesions. The observed changes in V1 activity indicate that severe ON injury in adulthood evokes cortical plasticity not only cross-modally but also within the visual cortex; this plasticity may be best compared with that seen after retinal lesions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in Adult Mouse Visual Cortex Following Optic Nerve Injury

2019

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Role of visual experience in postcritical‐period reversal of effects of monocular deprivation in cat striate cortex

Smith¹,

Spear²,

Kratz³

1978

J of Comparative Neurology

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We reported previously that the effects of monocular deprivation on cat striate cortex cells can be partially reversed after the critical period by enucleation of the experienced eye (Kratz et al., '76). The enucleation resulted in a rapid (less than 12 hours) increase in tlie percent of cells which responded to the deprived eye; however, the receptive field properties of the responsive cells were abnormal. There was no change in this result if the animals were allowed to survive 3 to 16 months after the enucleation, during which the deprived eye remained closed. The present study investigated whether enucleation of the experienced eye extends the period of sensitivity during which connections from the deprived eye can be modified by visual experience. That is, we asked whether opening the deprived eye and allowing it normal visual experience after enucleation of the experienced eye would lead to a further increase in the percentage of responsive cells or produce a modification of receptive field properties.Using single-cell recording in striate cortex, comparisons were made between monocularly deprived control kittens (MD), kittens which had the experienced eye enucleated a t four months of age while the deprived eye remained closed (MD-DE) or was opened (MD-DE-0) for an additional three to four months, and kittens which received reverse-suture a t the same age and for the same duration (MD-RS). Kittens in both the MD-DE and MD-DE-0 groups showed an increase in the percent of cells responsive to the deprived eye compared to MD control kittens, replicating our previous findings. However, there were no differences between the MD-DE and MD-DE-0 groups either in terms of percent responsive cells or in the receptive field properties of those which responded. Reverse-suture also produced a significant, although variable, increase in the percent of cells responding to the initially deprived eye. However, this increase was significantly less than that produced by enucleation of the experienced eye in MD-DE and MD-DE-0 animals. Among the cells responsive to the initially deprived eye in the reverse-suture animals, the receptive field properties remained abnormal.These results suggest that binocular interactions continue to play an active role in the effects of monocular deprivation after the previously defined critical period. However, reversal procedures such as suture or enucleation of the experienced eye do not extend the period in development during which cells in striate cortex can be modified by visual experience. Rather, they may simply release those cells already receiving anatomical connections from the deprived eye from a tonic inhibition mediated by the experienced eye.It is now well established that Cats which experience neonatal monocular lid-suture have a striate cortex in which very few cells are reSDOnSiVe to Visual stimulation of the

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Immunohistochemical studies on neurofilamentous hypertrophy in degenerating retinal terminals of the olivary pretectal nucleus in the rat

Meller

Schmidt‐Kastner

Eysel

1993

J of Comparative Neurology

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Following section of the optic nerve, degenerating retinal terminals reveal an accumulation of neurofilaments (neurofilamentous hypertrophy) as demonstrated by silver impregnation techniques or electron microscopy. The present study examined degenerating retinal terminals by means of immunohistochemistry and antibodies specific for the triplet of neurofilament proteins of low (NF-L), medium (NF-M), and high (NF-H) molecular weight class. Following unilateral optic nerve section in the rat and survival of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 21 days, brains were perfused with aldehyde fixative, sliced on a vibratome and stained for neurofilaments by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Other brains were frozen, cut in the native state, and slide-mounted sections were fixed by acetone. Side comparisons in visual pathways were made in frontal sections, taking advantage of the near complete crossing of retinal fibers in the rat. Anterograde degeneration of axons occurred in the optic tract and branchium colliculi. Changes of terminals were investigated in the olivary pretectal nucleus, which contains a dense aggregation of retinal terminals in the core region. The optic tract and branchium colliculi showed a reduction in immunostaining for neurofilament proteins following axotomy. Within the core region of the olivary pretectal nucleus, strong increases of immunoreactivity of NF-L and NF-M were detected beginning at 2 days postlesion and persisting at 8 days. No changes in NF-H proteins were found in the terminal regions with three different antibody probes. The increase in immunostaining reflects the accumulation of neurofilament proteins in the degenerating retinal terminals, i.e., neurofilamentous hypertrophy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Signal transmission through degenerating synapses in the lateral geniculate body of the cat

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Plasticity in Adult Mouse Visual Cortex Following Optic Nerve Injury

Plasticity in Adult Mouse Visual Cortex Following Optic Nerve Injury

Role of visual experience in postcritical‐period reversal of effects of monocular deprivation in cat striate cortex

Immunohistochemical studies on neurofilamentous hypertrophy in degenerating retinal terminals of the olivary pretectal nucleus in the rat

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