Signal transduction pathways and tyrosine hydroxylase regulation in the adrenal medulla following glucoprivation: An in vivo analysis

Bobrovskaya, Larisa; Damanhuri, Hanafi Ahmad; Ong, Lin Kooi; Schneider, Jennifer; Dickson, Phillip W.; Dunkley, Peter R.; Goodchild, Ann K.

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.05.009

Cited by 21 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This result is in agreement with some previous studies that showed no significant change in adrenal TH protein levels 24 h after exposure to a 2 h immobilization stress protocol [28]. However, other studies have shown changes in adrenal TH protein levels 24 h after exposure to 1 h cold stress [29], or to glucoprivation [30]. The nature of the stress exposure therefore determines the sustained effects on TH protein levels, with some stressors having no effects and others having substantial effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effect of Social Defeat on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Phosphorylation in the Rat Brain and Adrenal Gland

et al. 2010

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Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, is regulated acutely by protein phosphorylation and chronically by protein synthesis. No studies have systematically investigated the phosphorylation of these sites in vivo in response to stressors. We specifically investigated the phosphorylation of TH occurring within the first 24 h in response to the social defeat stress in the rat adrenal, the locus coeruleus, substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Five groups were investigated; home cage control (HCC), two groups that underwent social defeat (SD+) which were sacrificed either 10 min or 24 h after the end of the protocol and two groups that were put into the cage without the resident being present (SD-) which were sacrificed at time points identical to the SD+. We found at 10 min there were significant increases in serine 40 and 31 phosphorylation levels in the locus coeruleus in SD+ compared to HCC and increases in serine 40 phosphorylation levels in the substantia nigra in SD+ compared to SD-. We found at 24 h there were significant increases in serine 19 phosphorylation levels in the ventral tegmental area in SD+ compared to HCC and decreases in serine 40 phosphorylation levels in the adrenal in SD+ compared to SD-. These findings suggest that the regulation of TH phosphorylation in different catecholamine-producing cells varies considerably and is dependent on both the nature of the stressor and the time at which the response is analysed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effect of Social Defeat on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Phosphorylation in the Rat Brain and Adrenal Gland

et al. 2010

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“…at four time points: 5 min (n ¼5 HDZ; n¼ 5 saline), 20 min (n¼ 6 HDZ; n ¼6 saline), 60 min (n ¼6 HDZ; n¼ 5 saline) and 120 min (n ¼7 HDZ; n¼ 7 saline) following HDZ or saline injection as described previously (Bobrovskaya et al, 2010). Adrenal glands were collected and snap frozen for Western blot analysis.…”

Section: Perfusion and Tissue Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…100 ml of supernatant was mixed with 5 ml of 10% dithiothreitol (DTT) and 35 ml of sample buffer (40% glycerol, 50 mM Tris, minimal bromophenol blue, pH 6.8) to make up a final protein concentration of 2 mg/ml in each sample. 30 mg from each sample was run on 10% Criterion Tris-HCl precast gels and then transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane as previously described (Bobrovskaya et al, 2010). Membranes were immunoblotted with total or phospho-specific TH antibodies overnight at 4 1C.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Membranes were immunoblotted with total or phospho-specific TH antibodies overnight at 4 1C. The levels of pSer19TH, pSer31TH, pSer40TH, total TH (tTH) protein and β-actin protein were determined using specific antibodies which have been characterized previously (Bobrovskaya et al, 2010;Gordon et al, 2009). Secondary antibodies (goat anti-rabbit, goat antimouse or rabbit anti-sheep immunoglobulin) were applied for 1 h at room temperature.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood samples collected 120 min post HDZ were centrifuged for 10 min at 1800 rpm (4 1C) and then 10 min at 2700 rpm (4 1C) to separate plasma from red blood cells, leukocytes, and platelets and stored at À80 1C. Plasma catecholamines were extracted and measured on a HTEC-500 Complete Stand-Alone HPLC-ECD system (Eicom Corporation, Kyoto Japan) as described previously (Bobrovskaya et al, 2010;Damanhuri et al, 2012;Parker et al, 2013) with slight modifications on the method of Anton and Sayre (1962). The specific retention times were determined using adrenaline and noradrenaline standards.…”

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydralazine administration activates sympathetic preganglionic neurons whose activity mobilizes glucose and increases cardiovascular function

et al. 2015

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Neurochemical codes of sympathetic preganglionic neurons activated by glucoprivation

Parker

Kumar

Lonergan

et al. 2013

J of Comparative Neurology

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Glucoprivation or hypoglycemia induces a range of counterregulatory responses, including glucose mobilization, reduced glucose utilization, and de novo glucose synthesis. These responses are mediated in part by the sympathetic nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical codes of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) activated by glucoprivation, induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). SPN controlling the adrenal glands and celiac ganglia, which ultimately can innervate the liver and pancreas, were targeted together with the superior cervical ganglia (control). 23.9% ± 1.3% of SPN in the T4-T11 region contained c-Fos immunoreactivity following 2DG; 70.3% ± 1.8% of SPN innervating the adrenal glands and 37.4% ± 3% of SPN innervating celiac ganglia were activated. 14.8% ± 3.5% of SPN (C8-T3) innervating superior cervical ganglia were activated. In the C8-T3 region 55% ± 10% of SPN activated contained PPCART, with only 12% ± 3% expressing PPE mRNA, whereas, in the T4-T11 region, 78% ± 4% contained PPE, with only 6.0% ± 0.6% expressing PPCART mRNA. Thus CART is not involved in glucose mobilization. Two chemically distinct populations of SPN (PPE⁺ 57.4% ± 5%, PPE⁻ ∼40%) were identified to regulate adrenaline release in response to glucoprivation. Multiple chemically distinct SPN populations innervating a specific target could suggest their graded recruitment. The two distinct populations of SPN (PPE⁺ 67.6% ± 9%, PPE⁻ ∼30%) projecting to celiac ganglia activated by glucoprivation could direct pancreatic and hepatic or other counterregulatory responses. Nearly all SPN that expressed PPE mRNA and projected to the adrenal glands or celiac ganglia were activated, suggesting a role for the inhibitory peptide enkephalin in responses evoked by glucoprivation.

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Signal transduction pathways and tyrosine hydroxylase regulation in the adrenal medulla following glucoprivation: An in vivo analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

The Effect of Social Defeat on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Phosphorylation in the Rat Brain and Adrenal Gland

The Effect of Social Defeat on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Phosphorylation in the Rat Brain and Adrenal Gland

Hydralazine administration activates sympathetic preganglionic neurons whose activity mobilizes glucose and increases cardiovascular function

Neurochemical codes of sympathetic preganglionic neurons activated by glucoprivation

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